پایش و ارزیابی ویژگی‌های خشکسالی آب زیرزمینی در آبخوان‌های با بیلان منفی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای مهندسی عمران/ آب، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه آزاد واحد علوم تحقیقات تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 استاد/ گروه مهندسی عمران-آب، دانشگاه آزاد علوم تحقیقات تهران، تهران، ایران*.

3 استادیار / گروه مهندسی منابع آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

اگر چه تحقیقاتی در خصوص پایش و تحلیل خشکسالی هواشناسی صورت گرفته، لیکن پژوهش‌های انجام شده در زمینۀ خشکسالی آب زیرزمینی در مناطق با برداشت زیاد محدود است. در این تحقیق، ضمن بررسی اثرات برداشت از آبخوان، خشکسالی آب زیرزمینی در دشت قزوین بر مبنای تراز طبیعی آب زیرزمینی تحلیل می‌گردد. تراز آب زیرزمینی با استفاده از مدل ترکیبیMODFLOW-ANN در طول یک دورۀ 50 ساله و یک دورۀ سه ساله طبیعی‌سازی شد. خشکسالی آب زیرزمینی با استفاده از شاخص خشکسالی آب زیرزمینی SGI پایش شده و با شاخص‌های خشکسالی هواشناسیSPI و هیدرولوژیکی SHDI مقایسه گردید. همچنین، ویژگی خشکسالی‌های به وقوع پیوسته در دورۀ مذکور محاسبه شده و مناطق با خطر بیشتر مشخص شدند. نتایج حاکی از افت شدید تراز آب ناشی از برداشت از آب زیرزمینی است. همچنین دشت قزوین در 47 درصد مواقع در شرایط خشکسالی آب زیرزمینی با تداوم زیاد قرار دارد. تغییر در تراز آب زیرزمینی دارای تاخیر زمانی 9 ماهه با تغییرات بارش و جریان آب سطحی است. همچنین، همبستگی خشکسالی آب زیرزمینی با خشکسالی هیدرولوژیکی بیشتر از همبستگی با خشکسالی هواشناسی است. شهرستان‌ بوئین‌زهرا دارای خطر خشکسالی بیشتر و قزوین و البرز خطر خشکسالی کمتری نسبت به سایر مناطق دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Monitoring and Assessing the Characteristics of Groundwater Drought in Aquifers with Negative Balance

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamid Sanginabadi 1
  • Bahram Saghafian 2
  • Majid Delavar 3
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Civil Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Water Resources Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Although, many studies have been reported on meteorological drought monitoring and analysis, similar studies on groundwater drought in regions with high abstractions are lacking. In this paper, the effects of groundwater extraction of aquifer were investigated and groundwater drought analysis was performed using the naturalized groundwater level time series in Qazvin plain. For this purpose, MODFLOW-ANN coupled model were used to obtain the time series of naturalized groundwater level over a 50 year and a 3 year period. Then, Groundwater drought was monitored by means of the SGI and was compared with the SPI and SHDI indices. Also, drought characteristics were calculated along 50 year period and the regions with more hazard of drought were determined. Results showed that abstraction could cause severe negative trend in the groundwater level. The aquifer was in long duration dry condition at about 47% of the time. Groundwater level changes have a 9 months delay with changing in precipitation and flow rivers. Groundwater drought is more strongly correlated with hydrological drought than with meteorological drought. Also, Boeinzahra city has a higher hazard and Qazvin and Alborz has a lower hazard than other regions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Groundwater Abstraction Effects
  • Drought Hazard
  • Naturalized Level
  • SGI Index

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