Investigation of groundwater salinity of Naqadeh Plain aquifer using Hydrochemical Facies Evolution Diagram (HFE)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Professor, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

2 Associated Professor, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

3 Ph.D Student in Hydrogeology, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran,

Abstract

The coastal aquifer of the Naqadeh plain, located in the southwestern part of the Urmia Lake. Based on long-term chemoghraph, salinity has an increasing trend. Considering the undesirable results of saline water intrusion such as hygiene effects, human health and environmental problems, more studies are needed in this regard. Based on the classification of TDS values, about 48% of the groundwater resources of this plain are inappropriate for drinking and agricultural purposes. In order to monitor the groundwater resources of the plain, water samples were collected from 33 sampling points and a hydrochemical analysis was carried out. Identification of the salinity source and the governing hydrochemical mechanisms governing groundwater were carried out using the basic exchange index (BEX), ionic ratio, compound diagrams, geological and hydrogeological interpretations. Cl and Br halogens were also used for salinity studies due to their conservative behavior. Hydrochemical facies evolution diagram (HFE) was used as a useful method for identifying of the aquifers condition and its vulnerability to saline water intrusion. The matching of these results with the spatial distribution of salinity (EC) indicates the presence of two areas in the eastern and northern parts of the plain with high salinity and the risk of saline water intrusion. The salinity of these water resources is related to water-rock interactions, dissolution of saline formations, rainfall reduction, evaporation increase with formation of ponds in the dry seasons, infiltration of saline water and drainage of surface water, development of agricultural activities and probability of rising saline water (Upconing).

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Iran-Water Resources Research
Volume 15, Issue 2
May 2019
Pages 11-25

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History

  • Receive Date: 12 May 2018
  • Revise Date: 15 October 2018
  • Accept Date: 19 October 2018

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