Analysis of Groundwater Quality Acceptability for Drinking purposes in Nine Cities in Isfahan Province Using Fuzzy Inference System

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Candidate, College of Agriculture, Esfahan University of Technology, Esfahan, Iran

2 Professor, College of Agriculture, Esfahan University of Technology, Esfahan, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Dept. of Mathematical Sci., Esfahan University of Technology, Esfahan, Iran

4 Central Water Laboratory, Water and Wastewater Co., Esfahan, Iran

Abstract

Fuzzy evaluation presents a certainty level for the acceptability of water for drinking purposes based on prescribed standards of various organizations and perception of the experts. In this study, fuzzy set theory was applied for decision making on the suitability of certain groundwater resources for drinking purposes based on chemical quality. The quality of water was expressed in indefinite environment of monitored data and prescribed standards given in a non-probabilistic sense. From the 9 cities in Esfahan Province, 29 groundwater samples that were collected from the drinking water wells are used in this study. These samples were analyzed for 11 chemical parameters. But, finally 9 parameters were used for evaluation of drinking water quality. The results showed that 10 water samples were in the “desirable” category with a certainty level of 84-97%, 9 samples were in the “acceptable” category with a certainty level of 50-100%, and 10 samples were in the “non-acceptable” category with a certainty level of 50-95%. Furthermore, about 65% of the samples were in the “desirable” or “acceptable” categories for drinking purposes.
 

Keywords

References

طاهری، س. م. (1375). "آشنایی با نظریه مجموعه‌های فازی"، چاپ اول، انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی مشهد.
مؤسسه استاندارد و تحقیقات صنعتی ایران، (1362). "روش نمونه‏برداری آب". استاندارد شماره 2347، چاپ اول، کمیسیون روش‌های نمونه‌گیری و آزمون آب.
مؤسسه استاندارد و تحقیقات صنعتی ایران، (1372). "روش روزمره نمونه برداری آب". استاندارد شماره 2348، چاپ دوم، کمیسیون روش‌های نمونه‌گیری و آزمون آب.
مؤسسه استاندارد و تحقیقات صنعتی ایران، (1376). "ویژگی­های آب آشامیدنی". استاندارد شماره 1053، چاپ‌های چهارم و پنجم، کمیسیون استاندارد ویژگی‌های آب آشامیدنی.
APHA. (1989), Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater. 17th Ed., American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, 1700 p.
Chang, N. B., Chen, H. W. and Ning, S. K. (2001), “Identification of river water quality using the fuzzy synthetic evaluation approach”. J. Environ. Manage., 63(3), pp. 293-305.
Cude, C. G. (2001), “Oregon water quality index: A tool for evaluating water quality management effectiveness”. J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc., 37(1), pp. 125-137.
Dahiya, S., Singh, B., Gaur, S., Garg, V. K. and Kushwaha, H. S. (2007), “Analysis of groundwater quality using fuzzy synthetic evaluation”. J. of Hazardous Materials, 147(3), pp. 938-946.
Deshpande, A. W., Raje, D. V. and Khanna, P. (1996a), Fuzzy description of river water quality. International Conference EUFIT, Aachen, Germany, 2-5 Sep., pp. 1795-1801.
Deshpande, A. W., Raje, D. V. and Khanna, P. (1996b), “Agreement index for water consumption”. International Conference EUFIT, Aachen, Germany, 2-5 Sep., pp. 1816-1820.
Garg, V. K., Dahiya, S., Chaudhary, A. and Deepshikha, A. (1998), “Fluoride distribution in underground waters of Jind district”, Haryana, India. Ecol. Environ.Conserv., 40(1): pp. 19-23.
Icaga, Y. (2007), “Fuzzy evaluation of water quality classification”. Ecological Indicators, 7(3), pp.710-718.
Klir, G. J. and Yuan, B. (1995), Fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic: Theory and application. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 574 p.
Mamdani, E. H., (1976), “Advances in the linguistic synthesis of fuzzy controllers”, J. of Man-Machine Studies, 8, pp. 669-678.
Mamdani, E. H. (1977), “Application of fuzzy logic to approximate reasoning using linguistic system”, IEEE Trans. on Computers, 26, pp. 1182-1191.
McKone, T. E. and Deshpande, A. W. (2005), “Can fuzzy logic bring complex environmental problems into focus?”, Environ. Sci. and Technol., 39(2), pp. 42A-45A.
Mujumdar, P. P. and Sasikumar, K. (2002), “A fuzzy risk approach for seasonal water quality management of a river system”. Water Resour. Res., 38(1), pp. 51-59.
Ott, W. (1978), Water quality indices: A survey of indices used in the United States. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 128 p.
Sii, H. I., Sherrard, J. H. and Wilson, T. E. (1993), “Development of a water quality index based on fuzzy set theory and intended water use”. Proc. Joint ASCE-CSCE National Conference on Environmental Engineering, July 12-14, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, pp. 253-259.
Silvert, W. (2000), “Fuzzy indices of environmental conditions”, Ecol. Model., 130(1-3), pp. 111-119.
WHO. (1993), Guidelines for drinking water quality recommendation. Vol. I, World Health Organization, Geneva, Available at: http://www. who.int/water_ sanitation_ health/dwq /gdwq2v1/ en/index.html.
Zadeh, L. A. (1965), “Fuzzy sets”, Inform. Contr., 8, pp. 338-353.

 

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 13 January 2011
  • Accept Date: 25 July 2010

Share

How to cite

Statistics