بررسی دو متغیره تأثیر تغییر اقلیم بر خشکسالی با شاخص SPEI و توابع مفصل (مطالعه موردی: دوگنبدان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار/ دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه یزد، ایران.

2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد آب و سازه‌های هیدرولیکی/ گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه آیت الله العظمی بروجردی (ره)، ایران.

3 دانشجوی دکتری آب و سازه‌های هیدرولیکی/ دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه یزد، ایران.

چکیده

خشکسالی‌های متأثر از تغییر اقلیم از جمله مخرب‌ترین رویدادهای آب و هوایی هستند که باعث خسارت‌های قابل توجهی هم در بخش منابع طبیعی و هم در زندگی انسان‌ها می‌شوند. در تحقیق حاضر بمنظور بررسی اثر تغییر اقلیم بر خشکسالی، بارش و دمای آینده (2030-2050) ایستگاه دوگنبدان شهرستان گچساران، با مدل CanESM2 تحت سناریو RCP8.5 محاسبه شد. سپس با استفاده از شاخص بارش-تبخیر و تعرق استاندارد شده (SPEI) در دوره پایه (2005-1985) و آتی در سری‌های زمانی مختلف خشکسالی ارزیابی شد. درنهایت متغیرهای شدت و مدت خشکسالی برای محاسبه احتمال و دوره بازگشت توأم، با تابع چند متغیره کاپولا تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد متغیرهای دمای ماهانه تحت سناریو RCP8.5 2/2 درجه سانتیگراد افزایش و بارش 5/5 درصد کاهش یافته است. نتایج ارزیابی خشکسالی نشان می‌دهد تعداد دوره‌های خشک و مرطوب با افزایش طول مقیاس کمتر می‌شوند، اما مدت زمان طولانی‌ترین دوره افزایش می‌یابد. همچنین تعداد دوره‌های خشکسالی تحت سناریوی RCP8.5 نسبت به دوره پایه افزایش خواهد یافت. تابع فرانک با مقادیر متوسط سه شاخص ارزیابی نیکویی برازش RMSE (0/38)، NSE (0/9) و AIC (-101/9) بعنوان بهترین تابع برازش داده شده در هر دو دوره انتخاب گردید. نتایج تحلیل توأم دوره بازگشت یک رویداد خشکسالی با میزان سختی 10 و مدت 10 ماهه برای دوره پایه و RCP8.5 بترتیب 5 و 4 سال می‌باشد که نشان دهنده کاهش دوره بازگشت خشکسالی‌های شدید و افزایش آن‌ها در آینده تحت سناریو RCP8.5 نسبت به دوره پایه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Bivariate Analysis of the Impact of Climate Change on Drought with SPEI Index and Coppola Functions (Case Study: Dugonbadan)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammadreza Goodarzi 1
  • Atiyeh Fatehifar 2
  • Fatemeh Avazpoor 3
1 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Yazd University, Iran.
2 M.Sc. Graduate of Water and Hydraulic Structures, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ayatollah Ozma Borujerdi University, Iran.
3 PHD student of Water and Hydraulic Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Yazd University, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Droughts affected by climate change are among the most devastating weather events, causing significant damage both in natural resources and in human life. In this study, in order to investigate the effect of climate change on drought, both precipitation and temperature future period (2030-2050) were calculated with CanESM2 model under RCP8.5 scenario in the Douganbodan station in Gachsaran city. Then, drought was evaluated with Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) during the base (1985-2005) and future periods in different time series. Finally, severity and duration variables of drought were analyzed for the calculation of joint probability and return period with the multivariate copula function. The results show that monthly temperature under RCP8.5 scenario has increased by 2.2°C and precipitation has been reduced by 5.5%. Drought evaluation results show that the number of dry and wet periods is reduced by increasing the length of the scale, but the longest period increases. Also, the number of drought periods relative to the base period have increased under the RCP8.5 scenario. The Frank function was selected as the best fitted function with the mean values of the three fitting indicators, RMSE (0.38), NSE (0.9) and AIC (-101.9). The results of analysis of joint return period of a drought event with a severity of 10 and duration of 10 months for the base period and RCP8.5, respectively, were 5 and 4 years, that indicate a decrease in the return period of severe drought and their increase in future under RCP8.5 scenario relative to the base period.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Climate Change
  • Drought
  • Joint Probability
  • Return Period
  • Severity-Duration
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