ارزیابی اثرات تغییر اقلیم بر پایداری منابع آب حوضه‌های ‌آبریز با استفاده از شاخص‌های کمبود ردپای آب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی منابع آب/ گروه مهندسی منابع آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.

2 استادیار/ گروه مهندسی منابع آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس،

چکیده

توسعه ناپایدار و عدم توازن بین عرضه و تقاضای آب و تشدید آن در شرایط تغییر اقلیم از جمله مسائل مهم در مدیریت منابع آب کشور محسوب می‌گردد. این موضوع لزوم توجه به اثرات تغییر اقلیم بر منابع آب تجدید پذیر و مصارف آبی را آشکار می‌سازد. بدین منظور ارزیابی وضعیت فعلی و تغییر اقلیم حوضه با استفاده از تلفیق رویکرد شبیه‌سازی جامع حوضه با استفاده از مدل SWAT و چارچوب ارزیابی رد پای آب به منظور بررسی پایداری حوضه و اثرات بالقوه آن‌ها بر منابع آب، کشاورزی و محیط زیست انجام گرفته است. بدین جهت ارزیابی وضعیت حوضه در شرایط پایه و تغییر اقلیم با استفاده از محاسبه شاخص‌های پایداری کمبود آب سبز، آب آبی، آب زیرزمینی و محیط زیست انجام گرفت. شبیه-سازی و تحلیل شرایط سیستم منابع آب و کشاورزی حوضه تحت تأثیر تغییر اقلیم در دوره (2017-2046) و با اعمال متغیرهای دما و بارش ریز مقیاس شده حاصل از ترکیب سه مدل‌ جفت شده گردش عمومی جو تحت سه سناریوی انتشار RCP2.6، RCP4.5 و RCP8.5 در مدل واسنجی شده SWAT انجام گرفت. بررسی شاخص‌های پایداری در وضعیت فعلی حاکی از ناپایداری آب زیرزمینی و تأمین نیاز زیست‌محیطی دریاچه طشک بختگان می‌باشد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که در شرایط تغییر اقلیم با کاهش 7 تا 18 درصدی آب آبی در دسترس و افزایش 6 تا 10 درصدی رد پای آب آبی حوضه شرایط وخیم‌تری تجربه خواهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of climate change impacts on water resource sustainability in river basins using the water footprint scarcity indicators

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamid Abbasi 1
  • Majid Delavar 2
  • Roya Bigdeli Naalbandan 1
1 M.Sc. Graduate of water Recourses Engineering, Department of Water Recourses Engineering, College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Water Recourses Engineering, College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The unsustainable development and imbalance between supply and demand of water and its intensification in climate change are the most important issues in water resource management in Iran. This reveals the need to consider climate change on renewable water sources and water use. Therefore the current status and climate change of the basin have been assessed by integrating a comprehensive basin simulation approach using the SWAT model and the water footprint assessment framework. This framework used for assessing the stability of the basin and its potential impacts on water resources, agriculture and the environment. Therefore, assessment of basin status and climate change was carried out by calculating green water, blue water, groundwater and environmental sustainability indices. Simulation and analysis of the water resources system and agricultural sector under the climate change condition were done during the period (2017-2046) coupled results of three general circulation models under the three emission scenarios of RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Evaluation of the sustainability indicators in the current situation indicates the instability of groundwater and the environmental requirement of Lake Tashk-Bakhtegan. The results also showed that under climate change conditions, by reducing 7 to 18 percent of available water and increasing of 6 to 10 percent of the water footprint of the hydrological basin status will be more critical.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Climate Change
  • Water Footprint
  • Sustainability
  • SWAT Model
  • Tashk-Bakhtegan Basin
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