تخمین فواصل پیش‌بینی در ریزمقیاس‌نمایی مدل‌ گردش عمومی جو بر پایه شبکه عصبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار/ گروه عمران آب، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه تبریز.

2 استاد/ گروه عمران آب، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه تبریز.

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی و مدیریت منابع آب/ گروه عمران آب، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه تبریز.

چکیده

یکی از ابراز پرکاربرد در پیش‌بینی آب و هوا و بررسی تاثیرات تغییر اقلیم بر روی پارامترهای آب‌وهوا مدل گردش عمومی (GCM) می‌باشد. در این مطالعه ریزمقیاس‌نمایی GCMها با استفاده از شبکه عصبی مصنوعی انجام گرفته است. از آنجایی که روش کلاسیک شبکه عصبی مصنوعی (پیش بینی نقطه ای) هیچ اطلاعاتی درباره‌ی دقت پیش‌بینی نمی‌دهد، از فواصل پیش‌بینی برای کمیت‌سنجی دقت ریزمقیاس‌نمایی شبکه عصبی مصنوعی استفاده شده است. برای محاسبه فواصل پیش‌بینی از روش جدید حد بالا و پایین (LUBE) استفاده شده است، که در آن شبکه عصبی با دو خروجی برای تخمین حدود پیش‌بینی ساخته شده است. همچنین روش کلاسیک بوت‌استرپ، روشی برای ارزیابی عدم‌قطعیت پیش‌بینی مورد استفاده قرار گرفته و نتایج حاصل از دو روش مقایسه شده است. بنابراین دقت فواصل پیش‌بینی به وسیله دو معیار همگرایی فواصل پیش‌بینی و عرض فواصل، کمیت‌سنجی شده است. سه GCM،Can-ESM2 ,BNU- ESM ,INM-CM4 و ترکیب آنها، در چهار نقطه‌ی شبکه بر روی هر یک از دو ایستگاه تبریز و اردبیل در شمال غربی ایران، برای ارزیابی فواصل پیش‌بینی ریزمقیاس‌نمایی بارش ماهانه و دما استفاده شده است. مقایسه بین نتایج دو مدل نشان داده است که روش LUBE، قابلیت اطمینان بیشتری نسبت به بوت استرپ دارد. عرض فواصل پیش‌بینی و احتمال ‌همگرایی، به ترتیب 10% تا 40% کمتر و 2% تا 10% بیشتر از روش بوت‌استرپ برای GCM بوده است. ترکیب GCMها به نتایج دقیق‌تری منجر شده است و عرض فواصل پیش‌بینی و احتمال‌ همگرایی، به ترتیب 10% تا 60% کمتر و 2% تا 20% بیشتر از مدل‌های تکی GCM بوده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimation of Prediction Interval in ANN-based GCM Downscaling

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elnaz Sharghi 1
  • Vahid Nourani 2
  • Nardin Jabbarian Paknezhad 3
1 1*- Assistant Professor, Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
3 M.Sc. Student in Water Resource Engineering, Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Civil Eng., University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The General Circulation Model (GCM) is one of the most widely used tools for weather forecasting and assessing the impact of the climate change on the weather parameters. In this study, statistical downscaling of GCMs were applied via Artificial neural network (ANN). As the classic ANN method (point prediction), conveys no information about the accuracy of the prediction, so prediction intervals were used for quantifying the accuracy of downscaling via ANN. For calculating the prediction intervals, novel Lower Upper bound estimation method was used, in which an ANN with two outputs was used to estimate the bounds. Also, Bootstrap method as a classic technique for assessing uncertainty of ANN was used to further examine the proposed LUBE method. In this way, the accuracy of PIs was quantified by coverage and width criteria. Three GCMs, Can-ESM2, BNU-ESM, INM-CM4 and ensemble-GCM (ensemble of them) were used in four grid points around each of station for evaluating ANN-based downscaling of precipitation and temperature parameters. Comparison between the results of two methods indicated that LUBE method could lead to more reliable results than the Bootstrap method. PIs width and coverage probability were 10% to 40% lower and 2% to 10% higher than the Bootstrap method for different GCMs, respectively. Ensemble-GCM led to more accurate results so that computed PIs width and coverage probability were 10% to 60% lower and 2% to 20% higher than those for the single GCMs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • General circulation models
  • Downscaling
  • Prediction interval
  • Artificial neural network
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