مطالعه تاریخی سیستم پیوسته‌ انسان ـ آب از منظر هیدرولوژی اجتماعی، محدوده مورد مطالعه: حوضه آبریز مشهد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری آبیاری و زهکشی، گروه علوم و مهندسی آب/ دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.

2 استاد/ گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.

3 استادیار/ پژوهشی، گروه هیدروانفورماتیک ، مرکز پژوهشی آب و محیط‌زیست شرق (EWERI).

چکیده

درک روابط پیچیده‌ میان سیستم‌های طبیعی و انسانی و شناخت پویایی هم‌تکاملی انسان و آب، در برنامه‌ریزی برای توسعه‌ پایدار بسیار پراهمیت است. در دهه‌ اخیر شناخت چنین سیستم‌هایی از طریق مطالعه‌ تاریخی هیدرولوژیکی اجتماعی محقق شده است. مقاله حاضر با هدف به‌کارگیری ابعاد علم هیدرولوژی ‌اجتماعی و بررسی تاریخ هم‌تکاملی، به‌عنوان نخستین گام در شناخت سیستم پیوسته‌ انسان‌ـ‌آب، طی انجام مطالعه تاریخی، ارائه شده است؛ بدین‌منظور حوضه مشهد به‌عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین و پیچیده‌ترین حوضه‌های آبریز کشور، به‌خصوص در شرق ایران، انتخاب شده است. در این مقاله پس از طبقه‌بندی مراحل مطالعه‌ تاریخی هیدرولوژیکی اجتماعی، تسلسل تاریخی وقایع طبیعی/فعالیت‌های انسانی و تغییرات مؤلفه‌های هیدرولوژیکی اجتماعی در حوضه‌ مشهد بررسی شده است. طبق نتایج، طی دوره‌ معاصر، سال‌های 1300 تا کنون و 1345 تا کنون، به‌ترتیب به‌عنوان فازهای توسعه و انقباض شناسایی شده‌اند. در واقع به‌رغم وجود شرایط انقباض، توسعه ادامه یافته است؛ مسلماً هنوز حوضه وارد فازهای رکود و بهبود و تعادل جدید نشده است. در نهایت مدلی ادراکی جهت شناخت سیستم هیدرولوژیکی اجتماعیِ حوضه‌ طرح‌ریزی شده که در آن کمیت و کیفیت منابع آبی و تقاضای آب به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین نیروهای محرک داخلی و مؤلفه‌های هیدرواقلیمی به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین نیروی محرک خارجیِ مؤثر بر هم‌تکاملی سیستم پیوسته انسان‌ـ‌آب، عمل می‌کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Historical study of coupled human-water system from socio-hydrological perspective, Case study: Mashhad basin

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shiva Gholizadeh-Sarabi 1
  • kamran Davary 2
  • Bijan Ghahraman 2
  • Mojtaba Shafiei 3
1 Ph.D., Student, Department of Water Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
3 Research Assistant Professor, Hydroinformatics Department, East Water and Environmental Research Institute (EWERI), Mashhad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Understanding complex relation between natural and human systems and dynamic co-evolution of human and water, is of great importance in planning for sustainable development. In the last decade, comprehensive recognition of such systems has been achieved through the historical study in socio- hydrology science. This paper aims to apply socio-hydrological aspects and investigate co-evolutionary history through the historical study, as the first step to understand coupled human-water system. To this aim, Mashhad basin was selected as one of the most important and complex basins in Iran, especially in the east of country. In this paper, when the stages of the historical socio-hydrology study had been classified, historical sequence of natural events/ human activities and changes of socio-hydrological components in Mashhad basin were investigated. Based on results, during the contemporary period, we recognized two periods of 1921 up to now, and 1966 up to now as expansion and contraction phases, respectively. Indeed, despite the contraction conditions, development has continued; obviously, the basin has not yet entered recession and recovery and new equilibrium phase. Finally, a perceptual model was developed to understand socio-hydrological system of basin where water resources quality and quantity and water demand are the most important internal forces, and hydro-climatic components are the most important external forces which effect on the coupled human-water system co-evolution.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Socio-hydrology
  • Historical study
  • Coupled human-water system
  • Co-evolution
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