تعیین نیاز زیست محیطی تالاب انزلی با استفاده از روشهای اکوهیدرولوژیکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران

2 استاد گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه بین الملی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران

چکیده

تالاب‌ها یکی از مهمترین زیستگاه‌های طبیعی در جهان بوده و دارای ارزش‌ها و فواید بسیاری به ویژه در گردش انرژی در محیط زیست میباشند. جانوران و گیاهان در این محیط آبی به هم وابسته‌اند و نقش اکولوژیک هریک از آنها، ادامه حیات در این اکوسیستم را امکان‌پذیر
می‌نماید. به منظور حفظ ارزشهای زیست محیطی و اقتصادی-اجتماعی تالاب‌ها، تعیین مقدار آب مورد نیاز برای تامین نیازهای اکولوژیکی مرتبط با آنها ضروری می‌باشد. تالاب بین المللی انزلی به عنوان مطالعه موردی در پژوهش حاضر انتخاب شد. در این پژوهش تخمین نیاز آبی زیست محیطی تالاب انزلی، که به عنوان یکی از تالاب‌های مهم ایران در فهرست کنوانسیون رامسر ثبت شده و دارای ارزش های زیستگاهی متنوع می باشد، توسط یک رویکرد ترکیبی اکولوژیکی-هیدرولوژیکی به دست آمد. در این روش وضعیت هیدرولوژیکی تاریخی رودخانه‏های ورودی به تالاب و تراز سطح دریای خزر که از عوامل تاثیر گذار بر روی فاکتورهای هیدرولوژیکی تالاب هستند، بررسی گردید و با درنظرگرفتن توابع اکولوژیکی مهم برای تالاب انزلی، شاخص کلیدی انتخاب شد. ارتباط بین عمق و تراز آب تالاب با شرایط اکولوژیکی شاخص منتخب در سالها و بخشهای مختلف تالاب بررسی گردید و تراز اکولوژیکی و همچنین حجم متناظر با آن برای تالاب در دو سطح حداقل و مطلوب تعیین گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Determining Anzali Wetland Environmental Water Requirement Using Eco-Hydrologic Methods

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hadi Modaberi 1
  • Alireza Shokoohi 2
1 PhD. Student, Department of Water Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
2 Professor, Water Engineering Department, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
چکیده [English]

Wetlands are one of the important natural habitat across the world and have a lot of benefits especially for energy circulation in the environment. In this aqua habitat, animals and plants are dependent to each other and because of their ecological role the life can be continued at this ecosystem. To conserve environmental and socio-economic values of wetlands, determining their ecological water requirement is of vital importance. The international Anzali wetland, which has been enrolled at the Ramsar convention, was selected as the case study in this research and its environmental water requirement was determined through using a combined hydrologic- ecological method. In this method, historical hydrologic condition of rivers entering the wetland and the Caspian Sea surface level as the prominent and influential factors on the hydrologic condition of the wetland were analyzed and considering the most important ecological functions for the wetland the key index was selected. The relationship between the wetland’s depth-water surface level and the ecological condition of the selected index across the different parts of the wetland and during the past years were investigated. Based on the achieved results, the ecological level and the pertinent volume of the wetland at the two minimum and optimum conditions were determined.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Environmental water requirement
  • Wetland
  • Ecological index
  • Eco-hydrologic method
  • Anzali wetland
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