نقش قدرت در دیپلماسی آب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی منابع آ ب/ گروه مهندسی آبیاری و زهکشی, پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران, کرج, البرز, ایران.

2 استادیار / گروه مهندسی منابع آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، وردآورد، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

3 دانشیار / گروه روابط بینالملل، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، پل گیشا دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

چکیده

آب به‌عنوان یک منبع طبیعی مشترک بین ذیمدخلان مختلف (محلی، منطقهای، ملی و بین المللی)، عنصری حیاتی برای بشر است که مرزهای سیاسی، اقتصادی و فرهنگی را به رسمیت نمی‌شناسد. ارتباط مستقیم بین امنیت آبی، امنیت انسانی و امنیت ملیِ دولت‌ها از یک سو و وجود حوضه‌های آبریز و آبخوان‌های مشترکِ بین‌المللیِ متعدد در دنیا از سوی دیگر، سبب شده است که سامانه‌های آبی به نحو اجتناب‌ناپذیری به یک مقوله سیاسی و امنیتی در دنیا تبدیل شوند و پیوند درهم‌تنیدة «آب، سیاست و امنیت» را ایجاد کنند. هدف از این مقاله، بررسی پیوند درهم‌تنیدة آب و سیاست با تمرکز بر مسأله قدرت است. از آنجا که قدرت یکی از مهم‌ترین عناصر تعیین و اجرای سیاست‌ها است و ارزش‌ها و هنجارها به‌عنوان پیشرانه‌های اجتماعی در شکل‌گیری قدرت سهیم هستند، لذا تعریف قدرت در دوره‌های زمانی و در شرایط مکانی مختلف، متفاوت خواهد بود. براین اساس، آشنایی و شناخت ماهیت و ابعاد مختلف قدرت و هژمونی (به مثابۀ یکی از مشتقات آن) بسیار حائز اهمیت است. قدرت همچنین در مناسباتِ آبی، به‌عنوان سامانه‌های درهمتنیدة طبیعی- انسانی، نقش بسیار مهمی ایفا می‌کند. طبق نظر وارنر، کشورهای بالادست، عموماً از آب برای به دست آوردن قدرت بیشتر استفاده می‌کنند درحالیکه کشورهای پایین‌دست عموماً قدرت را برای به دست آوردن آب بیشتر بکار می‌برند. با توجه به نقش و اثر جدی قدرت در هیدروپلیتیک به طور عام و دیپلماسی آب به طور خاص، این مقاله به بررسی و واکاوی ماهیت و نقش قدرت و هژموندر روابط کشورهای حوضه آبریز مشترک بین‌المللی می‌پردازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Role of Power in Water Diplomacy

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyedeh Zahra Ghoreishy 1
  • Hojjat Mianabadi 2
  • Seyed Masoud Mousavi Shafaee 3
1 M.Sc. Student, Department of Irrigation & Reclamation Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Alborz, Iran.
2 Assisstant Professor, Department of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, VardAvard, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of International Relations, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Water as a natural common resource is shared among different stakeholders (local, sub-national, national and international) and is vital for the human, which ignores political, economic and cultural boundaries. The direct link between water security, human security and the national security of the states on the one hand, and the existence of numerous international transboundary river basins and aquifers throughout the world on the other, has led water systems to a political and security issue in the world. It has shaped the complex "water, politics and security" nexus. The purpose of this paper is to examine the nexus of water and politics with a focus on the issue of power. Since power is one of the most significant elements in policy making and its implementation; hence, the definition of power differs in different time and spatial conditions. Accordingly, understanding of the nature and dimensions of power and hegemony (as one of its derivatives) is so significant. Power plays a crucial role in water interactions as coupled complex human-natural systems. Generally, argued by Warner (2004), up-streamers use water to get more power and down-streamers use power to get more water. Considering the role and serious impact of power in hydropolitics in general and water diplomacy in particular, this paper critically examines the nature and role of power and hegemony in relations among international riparian countries.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Common Water Resource
  • Power
  • Hydrohegemony
  • Water Diplomacy
  • Hydropolitics
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