مطالعه تطبیقی تجربه‌های بین‌المللی بازار آب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه مدیریت منابع آب، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، پردیس دانشکده های فنی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

رشد جمعیت و تقاضای روزافزون آب در سراسر دنیا و کاهش میزان دسترسی به آب به دلیل اثرات تغییر اقلیم، تنش‌های فزاینده‌ای بر منابع آب اعمال کرده‌اند. این شرایط، مشکلات تخصیص منابع آب را تشدید می‌کند. تجارت آب، بدون نیاز به سرمایه‌گذاری‌های عظیم برای ساخت تأسیسات ذخیره آب، به عنوان رویکردی غیر‌‌سازه‌ای برای کاهش مشکلات ناشی از کمبود آب می‌تواند مطرح شود. با این رویکرد، انگیزه بهره‌برداران برای استفاده بهینه از آب بیشتر خواهد بود. در پی مصوبه شورای عالی آب در مورد ایجاد بازارهای آب در کشور، مشکلات قانونی مربوط به داد و ستد آب در ایران تا حد زیادی مرتفع شده است و مدتی است که مدیران بخش آب کشور، تأکید ویژه‌ای بر نگرش اقتصادی در زمینه توزیع آب و راه‌اندازی بازارهای آب دارند. با وجود عزم موجود برای شکل‌گیری و توسعه بازارهای آب، عدم توجه به سایر ابعاد جانبی آن می‌تواند منجر به شکست بازار شود. با توجه به تجربیات ناچیز بازار آب در ایران، در این مقاله مروری تلاش شده است تا با بررسی ساختار بازار آب کشورهای استرالیا، آمریکا، شیلی، اسپانیا و چین و مقایسه عملکرد آن‌ها ازجنبه‌های مختلف، به تحلیل عوامل مؤثر بر بازدهی این ابزار‌ها پرداخته شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparative Study of International Water Markets

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sajad Vahedizade
  • Leila Forouhar
  • Reza Kerachian
Water Resources Management, School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The growth of the world's population, the increasing water demand all around the world and the reduction of available water due to climate change effects, have all led to increasing water resources stresses. These conditions would intensify the problems of allocation of water resources. Water trading can be considered as a non-structural approach to decrease the problems of water shortage, without need for huge investments in the installation of water supplies. With this approach, the contributors will also be more motivated to use water efficiently. According to the act of Supreme Council of Water about establish water markets in Iran, the legal issues about markets are mostly solved, and the water authorities have been emphasizing on developing an economical approach in water distribution. Despite all the determination about developing the water markets, neglecting other third-party impacts would lead to a failure. Considering the little experiences about water markets in Iran, this review paper has tried to analyze the effective causes on water markets establishment by analyzing the institutions of water markets in Australia, Western USA, Chile, Spain and China, as well as comparing their performances from different aspects.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water Market
  • Water Economics
  • comparative study
  • Market Mechanism
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