تعیین سطوح پالایشی ترکیبات PAHs به منظور حفاظت آبهای زیرزمینی در منطقه جنوب پالایشگاه تهران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای /مکانیک خاک وپی دانشگاه خواجه نصیر الدین طوسی

2 استادیار / و عضو هیات علمی دانشکده محیط زیست دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

نشت ترکیبات نفتی در مناطق مجاور پالایشگاه تهران خاکهای اطراف را آلوده نمودند. این ترکیبات می توانند وارد آبهای زیرزمینی شده و به صورت مستقیم و یا غیر مستقیم خطر آفرین باشند.
در این تحقیق تمرکز برروی آلاینده‌های PAHs که یکی از گروه‌های عمده در میان ترکیبات نفتی می باشند قرار گرفته، اندازه‌گیری به کمک روش گاز کروماتوگرافی برروی 19 نمونه که به صورت شبکه‌ای از طرفین و محور نهری آلوده در مجاورت پالایشگاه برداشت شده صورت پذیرفته است. همچنین با توجه به خصوصیات ژئوتکنیکی منطقه و درنظر گرفتن خصوصیات فیزیکی و خطر زایی آلاینده‌ها سطوح پالایشی به منظورحفاظت آبهای زیرزمینی تعیین گردیده است. از میان 16 ترکیب پلی آروماتیکی که در میان آلاینده‌های متقدم قرار دارند چهار ترکیب بنزو ای پایرین(BaP)، بنزو کی فلورانتین (BkF)، بنزو ای آنتراسین (BaA) و کرایسین (Chr) بیشترین غلظت را در منطقه دارا بوده و دارای خصوصیات سرطانزایی نیز می‌باشند و به همین دلیل مورد ارزیابی قرارگرفته‌اند.
 با توجه به نتایج اندازه گیریها میزان غلظت آلاینده‌های BaP ، BkF و BaA بیشتر از حداکثر میزان غلظت مجاز می باشد و حداکثر غلظت BaP موجود (638 ppm) از پنجاه برابر غلظت مجاز(13.2 ppm) نیز فراتر است.
 پس از آن شیوه‌های مختلف پراکنش تحت بررسی قرار گرفته و روشهای عملی جهت کنترل آلودگی بیان گردیده است. همچنین با توجه به خصوصیات ژئوتکنیکی خاک منطقه و در نظر گرفتن خصوصیات فیزیکی آلاینده‌ها روش‌های بیولوژیکی و روش پالایش گیاهی  جهت پالایش منطقه توصیه شده است.  

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of PAHs Compound Clean up Levels Regarding Groundwater Preservation South of Tehran Oil Refinery

نویسندگان [English]

  • E Taheri 1
  • S Gitipour 2
1 Ph.D Candidate in Geo-Mechanic Eng., Khaje Nasir Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Leakage of petroleum compounds from Tehran Oil Refinery (TOR) has caused soil contaminations in this area. These compounds can enter the groundwater and cause direct or indirect hazardous effects.
This research is focused on Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), the main group of petroleum compounds. Gas Chromatography (GC) analysis are made on 19 samples collected in grid sampling from sides and center of the stream adjacent to the TOR. Also according to the geotechnical properties of the area and considering the physical and hazardous quality of the contaminants, clean up levels are assessed for the groundwater preservation. Among 16 poly aromatic priority pollutants, four compounds which have the highest concentrations in the area and also have carcinogenic effects are evaluated. These compounds are  benzo[a]pyren (BaP), benzo[k]fluoranthene (BaK), benzo[a]anthracene (BaC), and chrysene (Chr).  
This study showed that the concentration of BaP, BkF, and BaA were higher than the allowable concentrations. Also in case of BaP, maximum evaluated concentration (638 ppm) was 50 times higher than the allowable concentration (13.2 ppm).  
Different dispersing mechanisms are also evaluated and applicable methods are discussed in order to control the contaminants. In addition, based on geotechnical properties of the soil and considering physical specifications of the contaminants, biologic methods and phyto-remediation via phyto-transformation and rhizosphere-bioremediation are recommended to clean up the site.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Poly aromatic hydrocarbons
  • Clean-up levels
  • Benzo[a]pyrene
  • Benzo[k]fluoranthene
  • Chresene
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