تخمین مکانی بارش مبتنی بر خصوصیات مکانی و مدل PRISM در حوضه سفیدرود بزرگ

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشکده مهندسی عمران، پردیس دانشکده های فنی، دانشگاه تهران

3 استادیار دانشکده مهندسی عمران دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

تخمین دقیق توزیع مکانی بارش در بسیاری از فرآیندهای برنامه ریزی و مدیریت بهره برداری از منابع آب و فعالیت‌های کشاورزی، نقش کلیدی ایفا می‌کند. در این تحقیق، به منظور تخمین ماهانه بارش با دقت مطلوب مکانی، مدلی بر پایه چهارچوب PRISM مبتنی بر الگوی ارتفاعی و سایر خصوصیات مکانی، توسعه داده شد و در حوضه آبریز سفیدرود و در بازه زمانی سال آبی 1379 الی 1394 پیاده‌سازی شد. در گام اول نتایج حاصل از این روش در مقیاس ماهانه با روش بهبود یافته معکوس فاصله وزندار2 مقایسه شد. با توجه به درجه آزادی‌های موجود در هر دو روش، پارامترهای این دو روش ابتدا در مقیاس زمانی سالانه با استفاده از الگوریتم ژنتیک بهینه‌یابی شده و از مجموعه پارامترهای بدست آمده به منظور تخمین عملکرد آماری مدل ماهانه از طریق اعتبار سنجی3 متقابل استفاده شد. بر اساس نتایج ماهانه محاسبه شده، هر دو مدل در تخمین مقدار بارش در محل ایستگاه‌ها، عملکردی نزدیک داشتند. اما علیرغم این عملکرد تقریبا یکسان، توزیع مکانی بارش محاسبه شده توسط روش مبتنی بر PRISM از انطباق بهتری نسبت به الگوی توپوگرافی و شواهد موجود برخوردار است. در گام بعدی عملکرد این مدل در تخمین میانگین بارش ماهانه با روش کریجینگ معمولی مقایسه شد، نتایج مدل توسعه داده شده در ماه‌های پربارش و روش کریجینگ در ماه‌های خشک مطلوب‌تر ارزیابی می شود. . با توجه به حجم اندک بارش‌های تابستانه، PRISM ابزار مناسب تری نسبت به کریجینگ به منظور درورن‌یابی مکانی بارش شناخته شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Spatial Estimation of Precipitation Based on Spatial Characteristics and PRISM Framework in Sefidroud Basin

نویسندگان [English]

  • Omid Zandi 1
  • Banafsheh Zahraie 2
  • Mohsen Nasseri 3
1 Graduate student, University of Tehran
2 School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran
3 Assistant Professor, School of Civil Engineering, University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

Accurate spatial estimation of precipitation plays a key role in many hydrological modelling, water resources planning and agricultural management studies. In order to estimate high-resolution precipitation in the current research, an estimation model based on PRISM framework considering Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and other spatial attributes is developed and applied to Sefidroud basin during the years 2000-2015. In the first step, the monthly results were compared with modified Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) as a benchmark method. Considering both models’ degrees of freedom, the parameters are calibrated with Genetic Algorithm in annual time scale and the obtained parameters are utilized to estimate model monthly cross validation error. According to the monthly results, both models had roughly same statistical performance in estimating precipitation at the selected rain gauges. In spite of similar statistical performance of the models, the spatial distribution of precipitation provided by the PRISM based method is more consistent with topographic pattern and existing evidences. In the next step the proposed model’s ability to estimate mean monthly precipitation is compared with ordinary kriging method and according to the results, in wet months the developed model and in dry months kriging method represents more optimal results. According to small amount of summer precipitation, PRISM based approach is considered to be a better tool for spatial interpolation of precipitation than kriging.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Spatial Interpolation of Precipitation
  • Genetic Algorithm
  • Inverse Distance Weighted
  • Sefidroud Watershed
  • Kriging
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