مسائل، راهبردها، و راهکارهای علم و فناوری در استفاده بهینه از منابع آب در مقیاس مزرعه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار / پژوهش مؤسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی؛ سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش، و ترویج کشاورزی

چکیده

افزایش بهره‌وری آب در مزرعه نیازمند داشتن برنامه علم و فناوری در حوزه تحقیقات آب کشاورزی است. لذا هدف اصلی از این پژوهش شناسایی و تعیین اولویت‌های علم و فناوری و انتخاب گزینه‌های راهبردی علم و فناوری مدیریت آب در مقیاس مزرعه می‌باشد. پژوهش با برگزاری جلسات هم‌اندیشی و استفاده از نظرات متخصصین؛ صاحب نظران؛ منابع علمی؛ و همچنین با بهره گیری از شیوه های برنامه ریزی استراتژیک و تحلیل سوآت انجام گردید. تعداد شش راهبرد اصلی مدیریت آب در مزرعه شناسایی شدند که به ترتیب اولویت عبارتنداز:1- افزایش بهره وری آب در مزرعه، 2- ارتقاء دانش، مهارت و مشارکت ذیربطان در فناوری‌های آب 3- توسعه فناوری های زیر ساختی مصرف بهینه آب در مزرعه، 4- بهینه سازی الگوی کشت و بهینه سازی مصرف آب کشاورزی، 5- توسعه فناوری های استفاده از آبهای نامتعارف، 6- ارتقاء بهره وری آب سبز در کشاورزی دیم. راهکارها (اقدامات) مورد نیاز برای عملیاتی نمودن راهبردهای مذکور شناسایی و برای هر راهبرد به تفکیک اولویت بندی شده و شبکه علیّت بین آنها ترسیم گردید. با استفاده از روش تحلیل سوآت تجزیه و تحلیل های لازم بر روی نقاط ضعف–قوّت و فرصت-تهدید مدیریت آب مزرعه شناسایی شده به عمل آمد. بر اساس نتایج برای مدیریت آب مزرعه از جنبه های علم و فناوری باید راهبرد کلّی تهاجم–رشد (SO) را انتخاب نمود. بر اساس این راهبرد اصلی تعداد 6 گزینه با اولویت بالا برای برنامه علم و فناوری مدیریت استفاده بهینه و پایدار از منابع آب درمقیاس مزرعه شناسایی و انتخاب گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Science and Technology Issues, Strategies, and Approaches on Efficient and Sustainable Use of Water Resources at Field Scale

نویسنده [English]

  • Nader Heydari
Associate Professor; Irrigation and Drainage Department, Iranian Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI); Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO); Karaj; Iran
چکیده [English]

I Increase in WP require having of a plan on science and technology in the area of agricultural water management. The main objective of this research is to identify science and technology priorities and to select strategic options of water management at field scale. The methodology was based on brain storming meetings consists of the experts of the relevant research institutes and or organizations. It also used the outputs from scientific literature and the methods of strategic planning and SWOT analysis. Considering the current issues and challenges of science and technology in Iran, six main strategies on water management at field scale were identified and prioritized as: 1- Increase in WP, 2- improvement of knowledge, skill, and participation of stakeholders in water technologies, 3-development of base technologies for the efficient use of water at field scale, 4- optimization of cropping pattern and use of agricultural water, 5- development of technologies on use of marginal waters, 6- improvement of Green WP in dryland agriculture. Furthermore, approaches (actions) require for the implementation of the mentioned strategies were identified, prioritized, and finally the cause and effects networks between them were drawn. SWOT analyses were done on the identified weakness- strength and opportunity-threat of water management at field scale. Based on the results from the science and technology aspects the main strategy of invade-growth (SO) should be selected. Based on this main strategy six options for the science and technology of water management at field scale were identified.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • "Water Productivity"
  • "Science and Technology"
  • "Field"
  • "Agriculture"
  • "SWOT"
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