Data Assimilation for Calibration-Prediction using SWAT Model
M.
Bayat
IUSTMSc Graduate in Water Resources Engineering and Management, Civil Engineering School, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
author
H.
Alizadeh
IUSTAssistant Professor, Civil Engineering School, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
author
B.
Mojaradi
IUSTAssistant Professor, Civil Engineering School, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
per
This paper deals with parameter estimation of SWAT model by means of streamflow data assimilation and application of calibrated model for hydrological simulation of Mahabad River which leads to Urmia Lake. Data assimilation algorithem is compared with SUFI2 algorithem. SUFI2 is an uncertainty-based optimization method first developed for auto-calibration of environmental and water resource models and due to availablity in SWAT-CUP package is usually used for calibration of SWAT. To illustrate capabilities of data assimilation for calibration of the model and prediction of the river discharge, Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) is utilized in a joint state-parameter estimation framework. Both coding EnKF and calling SWAT is done in MATLAB environment. Results show joint state-parameter estimation using EnKF for SWAT, lead to improvement of accuracy of simulation and prediction of Mahabad River’s monthly discharge at Bitass hydrometery gauge compared to parameter estimation of the model using SUFI2.Keywords: calibration, prediction, SWAT, data assimilation, Ensemble Kalman Filter
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
14
v.
1
no.
2018
1
12
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_46707_99d71685040129a1e5d20db82c5c6ba4.pdf
Fuzzy Linear Programming Model for the Optimization of Cropping Pattern in Zarrinehroud Basin
M.
Asaadi Mehrabani
Department of irrigation and drainage, University of Tehran
author
M.E.
Banihabib
Associate Professor, Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Abouraihan Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
author
A.
Roozbahany
Assistant Professor, Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Abouraihan Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
per
Agricultural sector is the largest water consumer, and uncertainty is an inevitable aspect of water management in this sector. In this study, fully fuzzy linear programming using two different solutions were applied for multi-objective optimizing of cropping pattern and net benefit in the uncertain conditions for the Zarrinehroud Basin. The uncertainties within the optimized cropping pattern were considered using a fuzzy method. Moreover, in order to consider the uncertainties in the amount of available water limitation, three different hydrological conditions were applied to determine maximum, average and minimum of fuzzy bond. The results of optimization by the fully fuzzy linear programming model showed an increase of 2.53% in net benefit comparing to the crisp optimization and an increase of 36.34 percent comparing to the present cropping pattern through decreasing low income crops and increasing high income crops. It is also shown that applying fully fuzzy linear programming instead of crisp linear programming leads to a greater saving in water consumption with the amount of 88.22%. Considering 10% and 20% uncertainty bands for optimization parameters causes more water saving and net benefits from optimal cropping pattern. Therefore, optimization of cropping pattern through considering uncertainties based on fuzzy method leads to a more optimal planning for agricultural water.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
14
v.
1
no.
2018
13
24
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_47468_cea14387c6d9551cdc2331cfbba8512f.pdf
Improving Water Management Based on Human Rights Approaches
R.
Seyed Morteza Hosseiny
Assistant professor, International law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Kharazmi University
author
text
article
2018
per
The importance of water as a vital element for the humanity puts the Access to water as a right in the shadow of human rights. This right that formed in the light of the rights to life and health and become an independent right provides a new approach to the governance and water management in accordance with its widespread effects. In fact human rights leading to the imposition binding obligations on the states which effect to the water management by creating the requirements to ensure the water rights and underlie the evolution of general principles governing water management that includes negative and positive aspects. The positive aspects in the exercise of the right to water and negative aspect in the protection of this right and Prevention of violation through appropriate management of water. This article seeks to study on water management in the light of human rights in the purpose of creating relationship between these two issues and gets help from human rights approach to the improving the water management and explain its necessity. This study is based on descriptive and analytical methods according to the library and internet data.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
14
v.
1
no.
2018
25
31
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_48028_2384c1aba21b86ac32ef98d0d1f6dc3f.pdf
Evaluating the performance of CRU and NCEP CFSR global reanalysis climate datasets, in hydrological simulation by SWAT model, Case Study: Maharlu basin
M.R.
Eini
M.Sc. Student in Water Resources Engineering, Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
author
S.
Javadi
Assistant Professor, Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
M.
Delavar
Assistant Professor, Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
per
Hydrological modeling needs climate data with high spatially accuracy, especially in low-rainfall areas, which usually there is a no-good observational network throughout the country. Currently, the problems of lack in climate observational data can be solved somewhat with using gridded global databases. CRU and NCEP CFSR databases, including the most prestigious gridded databases, which in this study were evaluated by using SWAT model for Maharlu Lake basin. After statistical index comparisons in 33 years (1980 -2013), which Nash Sutcliffe efficiency showed the accuracy approximately 0.91 in monthly scale, modeling was conducted by SWAT for different three datasets. The modeling results showed that both of two databases beside the observation values could have high accuracy in rainfall runoff modeling which CRU database indicated better runoff simulation toward NCEP CFSR database. Coefficients of determination and Nash Sutcliffe efficiency in each calibration and validation periods represented average values above 0.7 for observed datasets, 0.65 for CRU and 0.6 for NCEP CFSR.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
14
v.
1
no.
2018
32
44
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_48378_154b6716b6307d3f4a36880cbb6da5eb.pdf
Numerical Simulation of Urmia Lake and Ajabshir Coastal Aquifer Interaction
R.
Farhoudi-Hafdaran
M.Sc., Water Resources Engineering Dept., Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
author
H.
Ketabchi
Assistant Professor, Water Resources Engineering Dept., Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2018
per
Groundwater resources have been one of the main freshwater suppliers in arid and semi-arid areas such as Iran. Urmia Lake’s basin located in East-Azerbaijan province, Iran is one of the areas where a significant portion of the water needs is provided by groundwater. The present study considers the interaction of Urmia Lake and Ajabshir coastal aquifer. Hence, a three-dimensional, heterogeneous and anisotropic model has been developed using a numerical code of SUTRA. This model has been used after calibration and verification procedure. The effects of decreasing Urmia Lake level, increasing this level to the ecological level, and increase or decrease in the net recharge rate of the aquifer on discharge to the aquifer from the lake and vice versa have been assessed . The results have been shown that decreasing the level of the lake with 0.4 m/year rate, decreases the average aquifer level by 1.7 m over 10-years period while increasing the level of the lake to its ecological level increases the 0.75 m average level of the aquifer in 30-years. Also, 10% increase in net recharge rate, 1.8 m increase in the average water table during 30-years while 10% reduction in net recharge rate causes the reduction of 1.7 m in the average groundwater level.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
14
v.
1
no.
2018
45
58
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_48568_fecff577b767393fd2f6054dcac21ae1.pdf
Hydroclimatic Phenomena Modeling Using Wavelet-Holtwinters Model
وحید
نورانی
دانشگاه تبریز
author
Elnaz
Sharghi
Assistant Prof., Dept. of Water Resources Eng., Faculty of Civil Eng., Univ. of Tabriz, Iran
author
Hessam
Najafi
Master, Dept. of Water Resources Eng., Faculty of Civil Eng., Univ. of Tabriz, Iran,
author
text
article
2018
per
Doubtlessly hydroclimatic models play important role in the management of water resources. The hydroclimatic time series have three principle components (autoregressive, seasonality and stochastic) and the performance of the models related to these components, In the current research, the wavelet transform was linked to the Holt-Winters (HW) model for prediction of Lighvanchai, Trinity, West Nishnabotna watersheds monthly runoff and minimum temperature of Tabriz. The obtained results were compared with autoregressive and seasonal models such as ARIMA, seasonal ARIMA (SARIMA) and HW. For this purpose, the main time series were decomposed to some multi-frequency time series by wavelet transform. Then due to the univariated nature of the HW model, these subseries were imposed as input data to the HW models with two considered scenarios. In the first scenario only approximation subseries and one detail subseries (resulting from the accumulation of all details subseries) and in the second scenario all subseries were used as input to HW models .The obtained results show the second scenario of hybrid wavelet-holtwinters model (WHW2) could lead to considerably increased accuracy of both runoff and temperature monthly modeling because of multiscale analysis and considering all multi-frequency subseries.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
14
v.
1
no.
2018
59
70
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_48569_42198bf09974286407d5eccc73b7c9f8.pdf
Rainfall Partitioning into Throughfall, Stemflow, and Interception of Pomegranate and its Importance in Ecohydrology
L.
Hakimi
Assistant Professor of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran.
author
M.
Sadeghi
PhD Candidate, Forest Ecohydrology, Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, University of Tehran, Iran.
author
E.
khosropour
PhD, Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, University of Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2018
per
Computing of rainfall partitioning into throughfall, stemflow, and interception are new discussions in ecohydrology and water resources studies of horticulture. The aim of this research was to compute of throughfall, stemflow, and interception of Malas-e-Torsh-e-Saveh pomegranate 6-years old (plant spacing 2.5×3 m) during January 2015 to Dec 2015 in Saveh city with an arid climate. To measure gross rainfall and throughfall, 10 and 50 manual rain-gauges (in a plot with an area was 500 m2) were used, respectively, and stemflow was measured using average of 9 individual trees equaled to the stemflow amount of trees. A total of 46 rainfall events were measured (cumulative: 159.1 mm) over the study period and rainfall magnitude varied from 0.5 to 11.8 mm with average of 3.5 mm. Over the measurement period, the cumulative percentage of throughfall, stemflow, and interception were 65.4, 4.7, and 29.0%, respectively. During the leafed period (21 April to 21 November), the corresponding values were 62.1, 2.9, and 35.0% vs. 67.5, 5.8, and 26.7% during the leafless period. In the overall time scales, the most suitable relationship between gross rainfall and rational throughfall percentage, rational stemflow percentage, and rational interception percentage were observed as positive logarithmic, positive polynomial, and negative power, respectively. Since in the arid and semiarid climates, the most economical and main way to supply water of plants are gross rainfall, therefore, it is necessary to have the highest possible efficiency from rain water.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
14
v.
1
no.
2018
71
79
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_49218_935d462956ac149e9e5e04e02ebddf7b.pdf
Optimization of Multipurpose Reservoir Systems Operation using Cellular Automata
Z.
Nourali
PhD Student in Water Resources Engineering and Management, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
author
S.J.
Mousavi
Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
author
S.
Shiri Gheidari
Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Engineering and Information Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
per
This study deals with optimal operation of multipurpose reservoir systems, functioning for water supply to consumptive agricultural demands, hydropower generation and minimum environmental flow purposes, using cellular automata (CA). Discrete time instances (beginning of monthly time periods) are taken as cells and storage volumes at these instances are considered as the states of the cells. The CA updating rule is derived by optimization of local objective functions analytically in presence of nonlinear hydropower equations. Additionally, the sub-problem of optimal water allocation among different downstream users is solved using Lagrange multipliers technique. The proposed method was used to solve the nonlinear, non-convex operation optimization of Balarud reservoir and its hydropower plant as a real case study, and its performance was compared with the ones of gradient-based optimization methods and Genetic algorithm for periods of 5, 20 and 44 years. The results showed that the proposed cellular automata-based optimization model was able to find solutions with acceptable quality from the optimality perspective while rendering considerable reduction in the required computational load.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
14
v.
1
no.
2018
80
91
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_51332_904dfc9f0d6d3d4d5b30cc2a5dd6e939.pdf
Detecting and Ranking of the Effects Factors on Participatory System by AHP Method
(Case Study: Golestan Regional Water Corporation)
R.
Ghaffari
Assistant Professor of Management Group, Department of Humanities Science, Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch, Iran.
author
M.
Farmani
Master of Business Administration, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan Branch, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
per
This study aims to identify and rank the factors affecting the cooperative management systems using AHP in Golestan Regional Water Authority pays. First, to investigate the causes of the review of the scientific literature and previous studies and held several meetings with experts took place as a result of this step is to identify 20 factors as determinants of cooperative management systems in 5 main factor markets, and finally a tree hierarchical decision-making for the study was prepared, using paired comparison questionnaire (questionnaire AHP), in terms of 22 experts and professionals working in Golestan Regional Water obtaining and using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Pro Choice Expert main factors and sub-weighting and ranked. The results show that the main factors affecting the establishment of cooperative management systems of management in the first place is important and then operating the organizational structure in the second and executives, attitude to participation and information technology were ranked third to fifth importance respectively.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
14
v.
1
no.
2018
92
101
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_49307_c206cda4fd9797c9f37858dd85d3ada1.pdf
Proposing a Quality Index for Rivers of Iran
A.
Shirzad
Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia, Iran.
author
M.
Tabesh
Professor and Member of Center of Excellence for Engineering and Management of Civil Infrastructures, School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Univiversity of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
H.
Bayat
MSc. Graduate, School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
per
Rivers are water resources which are exposed to different amounts of pollutants. Therefore having awareness of qualitative variation of rivers is necessary. Using water quality indices is one of the methods for analysis of water quality. In this study, kind and weight of the variables included in the valid national and international water quality indices are examined statistically. Then, the performance index curves of the variables are produced based on the various standards and guidelines. In the next stage, using the Delphi method 9 variables are selected as the effective variables for water resources in Iran and their weights are determined based on the analytical hierarchy process. Curves with high correlation coefficient are fitted to the quality values proposed by the specialists and geometric average function is employed for combination of sub indices and calculating the final value of the quality index. The value of the proposed quality index is calculated for the Karoun river and is compared with the other quality indices. According to the obtained results, interpretation of water quality in the Karoun river based on the presented new quality index differs from the other quality indices.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
14
v.
1
no.
2018
102
113
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_49353_43999c403575c761cb9024b7d76c8705.pdf
Effect of Meteorological Drought on Groundwater Resource
(Case Stusy: Komijan Aquefer in Markazi Province)
M.
Bayat-Varkeshi
Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Agriculture Faculty, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran.
author
M.
Farahani
M.Sc. Student of Water Resource Engineering, Agriculture Faculty, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran.
author
M.
Ghabaei Sough
Expert Member of Iran Water Resources Management Company, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
per
The purpose of this study was evaluation of the groundwater depth changes under meteorological drought in Komijan aquifer. For this reason, the data of 32 piezometric wells and three meteorological stations of Komijan, Ghahavand and khondab located around the aquifer, the effects of drought through the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), the percentage of normal (PNI) and deciles (DI) on groundwater Index (GRI) were studied. Assessments were based on Pearson correlation analysis on monthly scale and the time lag of 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 and 48 months. The results showed that each three drought indexes had more effective on groundwater index with 9 months time lag. Also, the percentage of stations wich had GRI significant correlation with SPI, DI and PNI were 20.14, 27.43 and 31.25 %, respectively. The average of gwoundwater depth in dry and wet years indicated that drought event led to reduced 1.17 m water height.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
14
v.
1
no.
2018
114
124
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_49367_c81a3fb782abd0bfb0c39263782edfda.pdf
Comparison of Actual Evapotranspiration Estimated Using Gram-Schmidt Method and SEBAL Algorithm with Lysimeteric Data
(Case study; Amir Kabir Sugarcane Argo-Industry)
A.S.
Goshehgir
M.Sc Student of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water Science Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
M.
Golabi
Assistance Professor, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water Science Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
author
A.A.
Naseri
Professor, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water Science Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
per
One of the most important parameters of the water balance equation is evapotranspiration which is effective factor in the management of water resources. Also in different sciences it has been shown the transformation of hardware methods to software methods. One of these few cases is determination actual evapotranspiration using remote sensing and satellite images. According to the importance of actual evapotranspiration in the allocation of water resources in current research by using satellite images from Landsat 8 (suitable spatial resolution) and MODIS (acceptable temporal resolution) were determined the amount of mention parameter of sugarcane in Amir Kabir Sugarcane Argo-Industry and was compared with lysimeteric data. For this purpose, Landsat 8 and MODIS images were merged in the period of 16 days by Gram-Schmidt method and the actual evapotranspiration of sugarcane was estimated by SEBAL algorithm. In addition, the amount of actual evapotranspiration was calculated using Landsat8 images and SEBAL algorithms. Finally, the results of two mention methods were compared with lysimeteric data and were analyzed by statistical methods. The results indicated that the average of absolute difference between actual evapotranspiration of fusion images and lysimeteric method was 0.55 (mm/day). This index was 0.063 (mm/day) between Landsat 8 images and lysimeteric data and the average of absolute difference between two methods of remote sensing was obtained 0.58 (mm/day). Also at the level of five percent, there is not a significant difference between the two methods of remote sensing.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
14
v.
1
no.
2018
125
139
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_49368_c95a0a9e535df7e81e6adf0f6d04198d.pdf
Assessment of formal water institution in Iran corresponding to the mechanisms governing emergence of agricultural water demand regarding the social learning framework
S.
Moghimi Benhangi
MSc. Graduate, Department of Water Resources Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
author
A.
Bagheri
Associate Professor, Department of Water Resources Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
author
L.
Abolhassani
Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
per
In an era with ecological changes the adaptability of the governance system is so important; therefore, the system capacity of social learning should be focused on as a key characteristic. In order to assess the adaptation capacity, the governance system needs to be evaluated with a reference to social learning. Persisting Iran's water resources problems shows that the current institutional structures faces with serious weaknesses. This research aimed to apply the social learning loops to evaluate the formal institutional structure of the Iranian water governance. Therefore, various documentations including Iran's water laws, national policies and projects related to water and agricultural sectors were evaluated adopting qualitative content analysis and theme analysis methods. The results showed that the formal institution capacity is trapped in a single-loop learning and from this perspective, the formal institution is very vulnerable and suffers from too low adaptation capacity to deal with changes. It was also shown that the governance structure is highly centralized with a dominant top-down hierarchy. In order to enhance the flexibility and adaptability of the water institution, it is necessary to modify the laws associated to the water and agricultural sectors emphasizing on destructive mechanisms. Furthermore, the process of decision-making needs to become participatory engaging the all stakeholders, especially informal institutions. The formal institutions associated to water and agricultural sectors need to get integrated and converge in their policies. Finally, macro-developmental policies require to be redefined with respect to the country’s limiting water resources.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
14
v.
1
no.
2018
140
159
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_49546_02e549b53a31146c5cd6ec0c5915e149.pdf
Development of Nonlinear Muskingum Model Using Evolutionary Algorithms Hybrid
M.
Mohammad Rezapour Tabari
Associate Professor in Civil Engineering, Deptartment of Engineering, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
author
S.A.
Emami Dehcheshmeh
M.Sc. Student in Civil Engineering - Hydraulic Structures, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
per
The nonlinear Muskingum model has a significant advantage as compared to the linear one due to the nonlinear relationship between storage and flow dishcrage. In this model, the correct estimation of the parameters is necessary to achieve the proper precision. Previous studies indicate that there are five nonlinear corrected models, which, with different optimization algorithms, tried to increase the prediction accuracy of output hydrographs. Due to the error in the output hydrograph of the previous models, in this study, a new structure of nonlinear Muskingum model was developed based on hybrid PSO and DSO algorithms. In this model (NL6 model) with eight parameters, the improvement coefficient γ are used. This coefficient takes less and more than one according to the number of peak discharge in the output hydrograph. By applying the proposed approach to the three types of input hydrograph and determining the optimal values of the parameters of the NL6 model, it shows that this model has a high accuracy in estimating the discharge values of the output hydrograph. The error reduction rate of the NL6 model based on SSQ and SAD indicators for multi-peak hydrographs is 53 and 35.6 percent compared to the last proposed model, respectively. So, this model can have a high performance in estimated flood routing hydrograph.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
14
v.
1
no.
2018
160
167
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_51333_6712648ac4a5767e087b491bdf78b6d9.pdf
Influence of Extension Training Programs on Water Conservation Behavior by Farmers
(The Case of Zaloo-ab Farmers in Ravansar)
F.
Eskandari
Assistant Professor in Agricultural Extension and Education, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
author
Z.
Karimi
MSc. Graduate in Agricultural Extension and Education, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
author
K.
Khaledi
Ph.D. Student, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
per
The main objective of this survey was to investigate the impact of extension training programs on knowledge, attitude and behavior of farmers towards water management using theory of planned behavior. Target population included 420 farmers in zaloab rural district from Ravansar, Kermanshah province who had participated in a couple of extension training programs related to agricultural water conservation, implemented in the region during 2011-2015 time-period. Applying simple random sampling method 95 farmers were selected according to Cochran formula and then, equally 95 farmers, who had not participated in any extension training programs related to water management, were selected using stratified random sampling method. In this way, 190 farmers were included in the study. Data were collected during second 6-month period in 2015 by a questionnaire validity of which was confirmed by a panel of experts in the areas of agricultural extension and water engineering. Reliability of the questionnaire was approved applying Cronbach Alpha coefficient which was estimated between 0.78 and 0.96 for scales of the questionnaire. Findings of t-test revealed that farmers, who had participated in extension training programs on water management, have more knowledge, more positive attitude and more appropriate behavior towards agricultural water management. Furthermore, path analysis showed that participation in extension training programs has the highest influence on farmers’ behavior concerning agricultural water conservation. Accordingly, it is recommended to invest more on extension training programs in the region to change attitude, knowledge and behavior of farmers towards agricultural water management.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
14
v.
1
no.
2018
170
183
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_50035_0e616122831648fadf127ff2fe3ef25b.pdf
Institutional Analysis of Water Governance Structure in Iran: A Case of Zayande-Rood Basin
A.
Yadegari
MSc Graduated of Rural Development, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
author
A.
Yousefi
Assistant Professor, Rural Development Department, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
author
A.M.
Amini
Associate Professor, Rural Development Department, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
per
Institutional adaptability for counting water shortage has been slower than changes in process of water resources management .Consequently, governance structure of the water sector is inefficient in facing with new challenges. Therefore, institutional gap in water sector has lead to many problems known as ‘crisis of governance’. The aim of this study is to assess water institution using “Institutional Development Analysis” (IDA) framework in three levels including laws, policies and administrative of water sector. In addition, the performance of water sector has been evaluated in four dimensions: physical, financial, economical and equity performance. Communication layers of water institution and water sector performance offered in form of ‘institution–performance interactions’ model and the simultaneous equation was estimated by 3SLS method. The results show that “institution-performance interaction” assessment can provide the strategy of institutional reforms in water governance. The performance of water institution is more dependent on “effectiveness of water administration” compared to “water law and policy”, which implies that technocratic management plays a central role in water resources management. The water section performance is more focused in physical aspect.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
14
v.
1
no.
2018
184
197
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_50143_fe9f99caf0b32189d47fc9990eb85206.pdf
Simulation-Optimization Approach Based on Meta-Model in Optimal Design of Inter-Basin Water Transfer System
M.
Zamanipour
M.Sc. Graduated Student in Hydro-Structure and Civil Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
author
M.
Saadatpour
Assistant Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
author
M.B.
Zahabiyoun
Associate Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
per
In this research the simulation-optimization (S-O) approach is applied to determine the optimum capacity of water transfer systems in “BehestAbad” to “Zayandehrood” Inter-basin water transfer project. In this regard, a Multi-objective Multi-Cooperative Swarm Particle Swarm Optimization (MOMCSPSO) algorithm as an optimization technique is linked to Water Evaluation and Planning system (WEAP) as simulation model. Due to the immense computational efforts of simulation-optimization approach specifically in an evolutionary algorithm application and simulation model frequent recalling requirements, intensive computational costs are expected. To alleviate this challenge, a surrogate based S-O approach is developed in this research. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) as surrogate model substituted WEAP. The objective functions of the problems are minimizing the environmental and domestic water demand shortages at the origin and destination basins separately, and minimizing the water transfer system costs. The results show that the proposed optimization algorithms are able to offer reasonable and diverse solutions that has a good utility in terms of management decisions. Furthermore the developed techniques in this research are effective on computational time reduction whereas the desired accuracy is achieved in water resources objective function estimations.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
14
v.
1
no.
2018
198
215
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_50381_687ce509529b84036cee0acf18a853e1.pdf
Analysis of Changes in the Hamun wetland Water Body during annual water inundation and land use land cover change
S.
Maleki
PhD student, Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran & Lecturer, Department of Natural Resources, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran.
author
A.
Soffianian
Associate Professor, Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
author
S.
Soltani Koupaei
Professor, Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
author
S.
Pourmanafi
Assistance professor, Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
author
F.
Sheikholeslam
-Professor, Department of Computer and Electronic, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
per
with the recent drought the value of water resources planning, maintenance and protection of them and also conservation of local communities has doubled. The trend of changes in water resources, particularly those that resources are limited and changed in a short time period used to manage resources. In this paper, the pattern changes of water body of Hamun wetland was investigated. Since this wetland is located in a dry area, local people are related to this valuable water resource. As a result of recent drought and limited water resources, wetlands drying period is within one year. Therefore, the process of dewatering and drying wetlands were studied during one year. In this regard, Landsat 8 OLI data were used to determine the pattern of changes in water body of Hamun wetland with short intervals. The map of water body and land cover map was prepared using the hybrid method. Validation results shows is accurate enough to produce land use land cover map in areas with a diverse land use land cover classes. The results of this study show that Hamun Hirmand support water in shorter period rather than other parts that this confirms the importance of planning to support the local population in this area .
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
14
v.
1
no.
2018
216
225
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_50661_f8f9c4707bbc75b7908323836e67f616.pdf
Estimation of the Recharge spatiotemporal pattern by Distribute PRMS model (Case study: Neishaboor watershed)
F.
Nazarieh
PhD Student, Water Science and Engineering Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
author
H.
Ansari
Professor, Water Science and Engineering Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
author
A.N.
Ziaei
Associate Professor, Water Science and Engineering Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
author
K.
Davari
Professor, Water Science and Engineering Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
author
A.A
Izadi
Post-doctoral Researcher, Water Research Center, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
author
text
article
2018
per
In this study, distributed Precipitation-Runoff-Modeling-System (PRMS) was used to estimate the spatiotemporal pattern of recharge in monthly time step. To this regard, first, a sensitivity analysis of PRMS model illustrated that the most effective parameters that control hydrologic budget components in the study area are evapotranspiration, preferential flow density, water-holding capacity of soil zone and contributing area in the runoff. After performing the sensitivity analysis, calibration of the PRMS was done using PEST, regarding runoff in hydrometric stations and actual evapotranspiration (ETEns1.0). the Model Calibration and validation period were 7 years (2002-2009) and 2 years (2009-2011), respectively. PRMS calibration based on the two components of the hydrologic budget (runoff and actual ET) led to increase in reliability of calculated recharge. The results revealed that actual ET which had 87 percent of total rainfall and irrigation volume, was the most important component of the hydrologic budget ) while the second one was recharge, which was 12.5% of total rainfall and irrigation volume. The PRMS simulation showed that annually 295 MCM water enters to the aquifer from the surface as recharge, which most of it occurs in mountain foothill and irrigated areas. This recharge happens from November until the following May. Thus, there is no recharge during warm months due to the high amount of evapotranspiration and soil water deficit.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
14
v.
1
no.
2018
226
238
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_50867_98fac9fbad3652c13a7b6c07c0c33412.pdf
Review of national efforts to manage drought and the capacity to face water crises
سعید
مرید
دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
author
text
article
2018
per
Iran has experienced continuous drought over the past two decades. Different measures have been implemented to respond this situation. The present research was undertaken to evaluate these measures, which can be classified as organizational, operational, research and technology, financial support and relief. The position of drought management in the five-year development plan is also examined. The measures have been evaluated and compared with similar experiences of other countries. The results show that, despite considerable effort, the nation has not been able to institute a relevant structure to cope with water scarcity and, as yet, there is no a national monitoring system. For demand management, the suggested measures have not undergone the necessary evaluation of their capacity to reduce water demand. In fact, some of the objectives for food security are inconsistent those of water security. It appears that national efforts to govern water use cannot adequately respond to drought and water crises should be expected in the future as a result of increasing water demand and climate change. Policies that address these deficiencies are urgently needed.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
14
v.
1
no.
2018
239
252
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_55870_545a32959fed141fdeffcb4677537165.pdf
Application of acceptance probability method in assessment of groundwater quality monitoring network (Case Study Mashhad aquifer)
S.
Maghsudsangatash
MSC. Student in Water Engineering Department, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
author
A.
Khashei Siuki
Associate Professor of Sciences and Water Engineering Department, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
author
M.
Pourreza Bilondi
Assistant Professor of Sciences and Water Engineering Department, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
author
M.
Shafiei
Member Research Staff of the Hydroinformatic Department, East Water and Environmental Research Institute (EWERI), Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2018
per
Groundwater is known to be main resources of agricultural A change in groundwater quality due to wrong groundwater withdrawal management may be caused to deteriorate other water resources. Quality assessment and precise monitoring of the groundwater table is of a great importance. so create a proper network for groundwater quality monitoring wells to determine the minimum number of samples saves costs as well. In this research, a method was used based on Kriging concept and probability function of normal distribution to evaluate the performance of Mashhad plain's observatory well. This approach is based on a percentage of region's area criteria with Ap accuracy compliance. first, spatial structure of the sampling well's chlorine concentration was extracted by analyzing them using grid semi-variogram and then observation well network was evaluated using algorithm of the acceptance probability method. The results showed that the performance of the existing network or the acceptance accuracy at the probability of 80 percent to 72/1 percent is obtained. The results also showed that of 80 wells about the analysis, using only 35 wells carefully observed in the probability level service network eighty percent against all existing wells and the remaining wells 45 impact of very little increase in the accuracy of the estimation of the spatial variations of chlorine in the aquifer of Mashhad. As a result by performing optimization by the method described for the current network and with the 45-point displacement or removal, the number 16 proposed points increases the acceptance accuracy from 72/1% to 100%.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
14
v.
1
no.
2018
253
256
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_47469_e66978209b83482ea12e5ae906ea43ca.pdf
Evaluation of GIS and Interpolation Methods in Determination of Spatial Distribution and Classified Groundwater Quality
N.
Najafpour
PhD Student in Water Engineering Department, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran.
author
H.
Torabi Pudeh
Associate Professor, Water Engineering Department, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran.
author
H.A.
Yonesi
Assistant Professor, Water Engineering Department, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
per
Groundwater is the most important water resource in arid and semiarid areas. Therefore, groundwater pollution is also important. In this study, spatial distribution of groundwater quality was evaluated in Shoor River basin in Dehaghan County, south of Esfahan Province. For this propose, Kriging, Cokriging and IDW methods were used to predicting spatial distribution of groundwater quality parameters related to 48 wells and Qanats. According to Anderson Darling test, data of water quality weren’t normal distributed, so, they were became normal by COX-BOX transformation. After that, variograme of each parameter was drawn for fitting the best interpolation model. Then, spatial distribution maps of groundwater quality were drawn by ArcGIS. Result showed that, ordinary Kriging was the best interpolation method for most of parameters. According to spatial distribution maps, pollution was aggregated in north of basin that its agreed with hydro geology condition in basin. Also spatial distribution of water quality index (WQI) was determined in area according to Water Health Organization Standard.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
14
v.
1
no.
2018
257
262
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_47587_4ddc042c4014c9d2821dc150545508d5.pdf
Evaluation of Corrosion and Scaling Potential of Groundwater in Dezful Andimeshk plain
M.
Ahmadi
Candidate, Irrigation and drainage Department, Water Engineering Faculty, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran.
author
A.
Hooshmand
Associate Professor, Irrigation and drainage Department, Water Engineering Faculty, Shahid
author
text
article
2018
per
Groundwater quality characteristics that is one of the important index for The Plain water resources planning, has been affected on application. corrosion and scaling is one of the problems of water quality groundwater resources that affect the management of water distribution network. In this study investigated the potential corrosion and scaling of the Dezful- Andimeshk plain. For calculation the potential of corrosion and scaling had been used four indicators, Langlier Saturation Index (LSI), Ryznar Stability Index (RSI), Puckorius scaling Index (PSI) and Larson-Skold Index (LS). For zoning indicator used the kriging and co-kriging method with fit variograms. According to the results, Spherical and Gaussian variogram model were best fitting variogram for spatial correlation of indicators. In addition kriging was the best method for Puckorius and Langlier and co-kriging method for Larson-Skold but there is no difference between the methods for the Ryznar index. In addition the magor part of PLAIN has Scaling problem and anther areas have scaling. To use of ground water in this region should be aeration to remove iron and manganese, cathodic protection, lining, enameling and Painting to prevent corrosion and scaling inhibitors such as phosphate compounds. in addition, Prevent extracted ground water resource reduce the corrosion.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
14
v.
1
no.
2018
263
267
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_48375_a456fe92a009dd3d4ebb4165365a71f4.pdf
Assessment of a non-parametric method for hydrologic data disaggregation in space-time based on K-Nearest Neighbors (Case Study: Three sub-basin in West of Urmia Lake)
M. M.
Bateni
PhD Candidate, Water Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
author
M.
Montaseri
Associate Professor, Water Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
author
text
article
2018
per
Stochastic parametric disaggregation models that maintain spatial and temporal correlation are widely used in hydrology. To avoid high complexity and large number of parameters, which imposes a significant amount of uncertainty to the results, use of non-parametric disaggregation methods has been widely suggested as an alternative by researchers. Among the non-parametric modeling methods, the K-nearest neighbors method proposed by Prairie et al. gains strong mathematical basis and inherent simplicity. In our work, the modified disaggregation approach of the K-nearest neighbors method is used for temporal and spatial disaggregation of rainfall and river flow values and the performance is evaluated. The exploited flow and rainfall data correspond to three stations in three sub-basins located at the west of Lake Urmia are used. The total amount of annual rainfall and flow of the three stations are generated using stochastic lag -1 autoregressive model (AR (1)). Using the non-parametric disaggregation model, the generated annual values are disaggregated into three sub-basins. The annual values for each sub-basin are then disaggregated into different months. Comparing statistics of disaggregated data with those for historical data, shows the good performance of the proposed disagreation model and its ability to disaggregate streamflow and rainfall data.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
14
v.
1
no.
2018
268
277
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_48567_6e5581c12a996892ec1f03d0c9680e46.pdf
Evaluation of Drought in Western Synoptic Stations Using Herbst and Neuro-Fuzzy Method
M.
Byzedi
Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
per
Low rainfall and subsequent periods with low flow has profound effects on water resource management. In addition, growing water demand would increase in periods of acute drought conditions is critical. Drought management and water use restrictions, one point is directly a function of drought. In this paper, we evaluate the severity of the drought index using monthly rainfall deficit Herbest and forecast values with ANFIS model in 27 stations in the provinces of West, a 30-year period (1985-2014) were discussed. Drought monitoring results showed that the synoptic stations with 260 months and 122 months Sarab and Kermanshah respectively the highest and lowest number of months were dry. And the maximum relative intensity of drought (Y (dimensionless)) in Maragheh and Jolfa stations 47/3 and 50/2, respectively, were calculated. The highest and lowest values drought index (I) in TAKAB stations, Sarab, Saghez and Sar Pol Zahab and in stations and Lorestan and Ardabil province occurred. Monthly rainfall is also projected deficit amounts (MMD) ANFIS model based on the criteria Nash, coefficient of determination and the error rate than in Kermanshah stations, Mianeh and Piranshahr models showed better performance.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
14
v.
1
no.
2018
278
284
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_49212_ce012260900a6e9dde6443a90e929081.pdf
Supermodel As a Proposed Necessity for Integrative Casual Chain Models in Water Resources
A.
Holisaz
Assistant Professor, Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
author
S.
Safikhany
Ph.D. Student in Watershed Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
author
B.
MalekHosseini
null-Iran
author
text
article
2018
per
Nowadays, models as the most important analytical tools, severely have entangled water resources management in rigid structures; like, it is hard to solve a water resources problem as a separate part of using models. This study efforts to determine the way of scientific studies of water resources modeling and investigate the master view of each models using qualitative content analysis method. Content analysis of published papers in journal of Iran- Water Resources Research during 2005- 2017 years demonstrate that more concentrate of surface water modeling was on model assessment in order to allocate, manage and planning, while of the groundwater, the challenge was on achieve optimal model to more exploitation of resourse water. Investigation aim of modeling show a discordance in choose of optimal model that can it's know deu to natural of model and phenomenon examined. Hence, it could be suggested that providing a supermodel may integrate and progress the outputs of water resources models. The necessities of the supermodel included (a) integrated view to water resources models, (b) complicated situations of climate and nature of Iran, (c) pluralistic origins and usages and (d) institutional complication and numerousness; that tried to change the route from “estimate to allocate” to “aim to estimate” in water resources research.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
14
v.
1
no.
2018
285
290
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_51331_59d0267118a4ad7bbc53a2501c2de4a1.pdf