Identification of the managerial conflicts among the Actors of water resources through analyzing their cognitive maps (Case Study: stakeholders of Mashhad plain)
A
Hatami Yazd
PHD Student of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture,University of Ferdowsi, Mashhad, Iran
author
K
Davari
Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture,University of Ferdowsi, Mashhad, Iran
author
B
Ghahraman
Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture,University of Ferdowsi, Mashhad, Iran
author
A
Yousofi
Associate Professor, Department of Social Sciences Faculty of Letters and Humanities, Ferdowsi University Of Mashhad, Iran,
author
text
article
2017
per
Mashhad Plain have faced sever qualitative and quantitative decrease in groundwater resources due to over exploitations in recent years. The plausible solutions to this crisis would be either transferring water from other basins or obtaining appropriate managerial measures for decreasing water demands. The transfer options definitely need considerable investments in the origin and destination and face uncertainties and challenges over the time. Accordingly, researchers suggest the management of water demands through the optimal use of available water resources, instead water supply projects. However, the implementation of demand management strategies could affect the interests of costumers and create conflicts among stakeholders. In this paper, the possible reduction of demands through reducing the conflicts among actors of water resources in Mashhad Plain (i.e. managers and costumers) were studied. In this regard, the actors of water resources in Mashhad Plain were firstly identified; then they devised the road map and/or conceptual model for managing water resources in brainstorming sessions. In the next step, the actors’ cognitive maps about water resources were studied and their conflict items were identified. Finally, the cause-effect relationships were analyzed. The results showed that actors had serious and small conflicts over 6 and 30% of conflict items, respectively. Actors announced that they could reach to agreement on the rest of conflict items. The results also showed that some actors might have more important role in the resolve of conflicts.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
13
v.
2
no.
2017
1
17
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_40719_729569856b1d8d1445632dfa51f2bf1b.pdf
Exploring Uncertainty Caused by Model Complexity in Column Experiments from Local and Global Perspectives
S
Samani
Ph.D Student of Hydrogeology, Geology Department, University of Tabriz , Tabriz, Iran
author
A
Asghari Moghaddam
Ph.D in Hydrogeology, Professor, Geology Department, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
Considering the complexity of contaminant transport models in column experiments, can aid selection of an optimal model and best estimation of model parameters, avoid over parameterization, model uncertainty and incorrect conclusions. We consider tow experiment with high flow velocity (q36.7) and low flow velocity (q2.71) with four models of different levels of complexity, including the equilibrium and non-equilibrium convection dispersion models. Consists of the convection-dispersion models CDE1 (The simplest model with one parameter) and CDE2, and mobile-immobile models MIM1 and MIM2 (the most complex model with four parameters). Through analysis of column experiments, we can view the four approaches: 1- ranking the models based on the RMSE, 2- Evaluate model probability through model selection criteria (AIC, AICc, BIC, and KIC statistics). 3- Evaluate model probability using the arithmetic mean estimated using the Monte Carlo method, and 4- Evaluate model probability using the harmonic mean estimated using the Markov chain Monte Carlo method as a gradual expansion from the local to the global scale of model parameters. The final result is showing that, evaluation of model probability change from local to global scale of model parameters. In a general conclusion, degree of complexity for high flow case to the extent MIM1 and for low flow case to the CDE2 model is enough to avoid uncertainty from over parameterization.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
13
v.
2
no.
2017
18
31
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_39604_713d19d8d20961ac0720d85ce32b0ee8.pdf
Assessing the water governance system for groundwater conservation in Iran
S. J.l
Mirnezami
PhD Candidate at Water Resources Eng. Dep. University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran
author
A
Bagheri
Assistant Professor at Water Resourses Eng. Dep., University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran
author
text
article
2017
per
With no doubt, conservation of groundwater resources is a contested process which demands for getting involved with social and political dimensions, rather than a single technical action. Thus, desirable state of the water governance can facilitate implementation of the groundwater conservation process, because governance system implies for a regulating structure of management processes such as water resource conservation. Therefore, presenting a framework for the assessment of that process based on the Contextual Interaction Theory, the present paper aims to analyze and discuss the structural causes of failure in the groundwater conservation policies in Iran. In the framework, we are going to assess five elements of a governance system, i.e. scales and levels, actors and networks, problem perspectives and goal ambitions, strategies and instruments, and finally the resources (financial, human, …), from the perspective of two general criteria of extent and coherence. The assessment results show that not only the governance system suffers from the lack of comprehensiveness and development (extent) in all of the five governance elements, but also the relatedness and coordination (coherence) of the all elements are in poor conditions. This situation indicates that the current system of water governance has a poor capacity for supporting implementation of the conservation policies; therefore, the main target for enhancing sustainability in the groundwater resources should shift towards amendment and improvement of the water governance structure.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
13
v.
2
no.
2017
32
55
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_41726_23608e0d09f1118a7a911640c26f90fa.pdf
Development of ADI as a Aggregate Drought Index based on Principle Component Analysis for Monitoring Agricultural Drought in Golestan Province- Iran
Mohammad
Ghabaei Sough
Ph.D. Candidate, Dept of Water Eng, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
author
Hamid
Zare Abyaneh
Associate Prof, Dept of Water Eng, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
author
Abolfazl
Mosaedi
Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
Univariate indices are so useful for a certain purpose but arenot able to monitor drought characteristics comprehensively. In this study the multivariate index (ADI) has developed based on Principle Component Analysis (PCA) technique by using the results of drought indices as inputs to monitor agricultural drought conditions in Golestan province. For this purpose the daily metrological variables from 10 synoptic and evaporative stations during 33 hydrological years were chosen to compute the values of 5 drought indices including Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Evapotranspiration–Precipitation Index (SPEI), Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), Z-Index and Soil Moisture Index (SMI) in monthly timescale. In continue by applying PCA technique and considering all established components, the ADI drought index was developed based on linear combinations of derivation components for each of studied stations. finally the ADI results were compared to common indices such as SPEI and SPI. Based on the results a strong correlation coefficient based on Kendal –tau (greater than 0.8) were detected between ADI and SPEI indices in wet regions and months including November to March while a degree of correlation were reduced during warm months of April to June. A Comparative Study results of ADI with SPEI showed that the ADI index as a multivariate index could reflect the effects of input drought indices such as SMI and Z-Index for comprehensive drought monitoring.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
13
v.
2
no.
2017
56
73
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_40565_b65ee5ad351831ffdc6e0a732966b66c.pdf
Planning and optimal allocation of water resources in the agricultural sector using fuzzy programming approach
(Case study of Someh Sara city)
A.r
Sargazi
Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
AbstractIn agriculture based economy which is common in most developing and under develop countries, the need for comprehensive planning in order to use agricultural production resources to achieve maximum economic efficiency seems to be necessary. One way to achieve economic efficiency is to determine the optimal cropping pattern. Hence the purpose of this study is the implementation of fuzzy linear programming model in determining optimum cropping pattern of farmers in Someh Sara city located in Guilan province. In order to achieve our goal, maximizing Gross margin given to existing system constrain for different products in different quantities λ in the region is studied. The results show that the optimum cropping pattern in the studied are is not efficient as compared with growth of acreage bean is lower than the rice crop growth. In addition, based on water resources allocation, rice and beans growth ration in both models shows that the water allocation directly affect the growth ration of the crops. Therefore, it is recommended, in order to maximize optimum use of factors of production and farmers' income, water is a limiting factor in agricultural production and hence its proper usage must be scheduled. JEL: C6, C61Keywords: Optimal allocation of water, Fuzzy model, the optimum cropping pattern, Somesara City
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
13
v.
2
no.
2017
74
81
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_43081_8e4d2f880af04f3b09a0771f38f2f4bd.pdf
Inverse solution of groundwater models - Indirect approach
A
Ahmadi
Shahid Beheshti University - Faculty of Civil, Water and Environment
author
S
Alimohammadi
Assistant professor, Faculty of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University
author
S. S
Mousavi Nadoushani
Assistant professor, Faculty of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University
author
text
article
2017
per
The main purpose of this study is developing a framework for the calibration of groundwater models. The automatic calibration with indirect approach has been considered. Inverse problem in groundwater flow modeling is defined as an optimization problem. For solving the nonlinear optimization problem, genetic algorithm has been used. Minimization the root of mean square deviation between observed and the corresponding computed heads in MODFLOW is considered as a calibration and evaluation criterion. Also, the hydraulic conductivity and specific yield (with known zonation) have been considered as the model parameters. Changing some part of MODFLOW-2005 source codes and embedding the genetic algorithm, an optimization program (MF2005GA_P) has been developed in FORTRAN 90. Internal exchange of main variables (e.g. RMSE) in this program obviously decreases execution time comparing to the approach of linking optimization and simulation codes. The program has been developed and primarily is evaluated based on a hypothetical model. Next, Abhar aquifer is selected as a case study and the program performance in a real scale has been investigated. This method results have shown about 40 percent decrease in RMSE compared with trial and error calibration results.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
13
v.
2
no.
2017
82
98
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_40872_711a15d37ec6e3a5f3b65a6d2e973f97.pdf
Single/Multi Waste Load Allocation in Gheshlagh River; Simulation-Optimization Approach
H
Khoshkam
M. Sc. Graduated Student of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Environment, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
author
M
Saadatpour
Assistant Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran. msaadatpour@iust.ac.ir
author
N
Heidarzadeh
Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Technical Faculty, Kharazmi University, Karaj, Alborz, Iran. n.heidarzadeh@khu.ac.ir
author
text
article
2017
per
In this research, single/multi waste load allocation problems are considered with QUAL2Kw and multi objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm tools. Improving water quality in Gheshlagh river (minimization of DO violation from standard value) and minimization of construction and operation costs of municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants are defined as objective functions in CBOD waste load allocation problem. Improving the integrated water quality index (the index integrates the effects of T. Coliform, nitrogen concentration, phosphorous concentration, total suspended solid, and dissolved oxygen) in various monitoring stations is defined as water quality objective in multi waste load allocation problem. The results show that in CBOD waste load allocation problem without any water treatment plant, the sum of DO violation in various monitoring stations is 4.5 mg/L. Also no water quality standard violations occurs when the construction and operation cost of wastewater treatment plant is 290 ×109 Rials in 25 years. In multi waste load allocation problem the wastewater treatment plant costs increase considerably more than single waste load allocation problem.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
13
v.
2
no.
2017
99
114
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_42103_d21cac5dc0068337181ddb6022813051.pdf
A Review on Challenges in Application of Agent-based Models in Water Resources Systems
S
Lotfi
PhD Candidate of Water Resources Engineering, Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
Sh
Araghinejad
Associate Professor, Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
Actors, have a great role in sustaining water resources systems. The importance of actors’ role, indicates the necessity for considering and modeling these systems from social-ecological aspect. Agent-based models are powerful tools in modeling social-ecological systems which their application in different fields, especially water resources management has increased significantly in recent years. In this paper, besides the general introduction of agent-based modeling approach, four main challenges in modeling water resources systems have been discussed: Designing agents’ behaviors; linking social and ecological sections; spatial representation; calibration, verification and validation. As agricultural sector is the main user of water resources, in this paper, valid papers, with high citations, were analyzed to clarify the challenges and build a correct approach toward application of these models in water resources management field... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
13
v.
2
no.
2017
115
126
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_40873_1363da294350185a2f7c35a2ba9ee8ee.pdf
E-valuation impact of climate change on operation rule curves of dam (Case study: Dez dam)
N
Nouri
Departement of water engineering, Estahban Branch , Islamic Azad University, Estahban, Iran
author
A. R
Massah Bavani
Associate Professor, Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,pardis aboureihan, University of Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
In this study, a methodology has been proposed for investigating the hypothesis of needs to change of rule curve related to dams reservoir for the future under climate change conditions. A model was proposed in order to adapt with values of water output from climatic future conditions for evaluation of climate change impacts on reservoir performance. The proposed methodology included LARS-WG model for transformation of CGCM model output under three emission scenarios of A1B, A2, B1 to regional scale, and IHACRES model for simulating inflow stream to reservoir for future period (2017-2030), validated using baseline data (1993-2006), and evolutionary optimization model of Genetic Algorithms (GA), whcih is used for optimizing reservoir operation. Finally, rule curve of dam operation was calculated for the past and future period according to three emission scenarios of A1B, A2, B1. Applying the proposed methodology in determination of rule curve in Dez Dam located in Khouzestan province showed that despite the modification of rule curve in order to achieve the less values of shortages in the climate change conditions for the future period, water supply security index will decrease. The reduction percent is between 1.7 to 7.5% under scenarios A2, A1B and B1. If the rule curve is not modified, the values of shortages will be increased more. Finally, it should be mentioned that ignoring the effects of climate change and the usage of operation method from reservoir based on baseline period for future period will reduce water supply security percentage.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
13
v.
2
no.
2017
127
139
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_42701_90b46d8264c8f2cf6ac4fa0afade04f3.pdf
Introducing a Holistic Ecological Model under Data Shortage for Determining Rivers’ Ecological Water Requirements
M
Azrakani
M.Sc. Graduated Student of Water Engineering, Faculty of engineering and technology,
Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
author
A.r
Shokoohi
Professor of Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of engineering and technology,
Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
author
Vijay P.
Singh
Distinguished Professor of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Dept., Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
author
text
article
2017
per
River flow regime is dynamic and comprises of different parts. Low flows, small floods, and high floods are the most important parts of the regime that play special roles in retaining the river in healthy conditions. Allocating the minimum environmental flow, as a fixed figure and disregarding the important components of the river regime, is common in river management in the country. The present research, noticing the imposed danger to environment through employing this policy and using the ideas embedded in Building Block Method (BBM) as a holistic method, obtained the river environmental flows under the condition of data shortage. The employed criteria used in this research for defining the required thresholds to achieve the proper regime were: providing living creatures in the river with appropriate hydraulic conditions, retaining river bed morphology, protecting main channel shape, saving riparian vegetation cover, and coinciding with the watershed climate. Based on results, wetted perimeter technique was employed when supplying drinking and industrial water, a combination of historical minimum discharge and Q95 was used when adding agricultural water, a 2-year flood was used for saving river morphology and flushing sediment from its bed, and a 5-year flood for supplying the river’s flood plains. The main achievement of this research was introducing a comprehensive ecological regime by defining the required thresholds for having a healthy river in an IWRM framework.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
13
v.
2
no.
2017
140
153
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_41727_6c7d48513a8b38a507292237e375d8ad.pdf
Evaporation from Lakes and Reservoirs: Developing a Remote Sensing Algorithm of Refrence and Water Surface Energy Balance
M
Majidi Kh
Assistant Professor, Remote Sensing and Environmental Science Department, East Water and Environmental Research Institute (EWERI)
author
A
Alizadeh
Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Water Engineering Dept., Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
A
Farid
Associate Professor, Water Engineering Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
M
Vazifedoust
Assistant Professor Water Engineering Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan,
author
text
article
2017
per
Complexity of evaporation estimation from water bodies as lakes and reservoirs and lack of reliable and available data led to reducing developments in this field compared to other hydrological components researches, especially where management of these systems doesn’t rely to spatial and temporal data. Reservoirs operation, development of a new storage and water accounting strategies require more accurate evaporation estimates especially for drinking water in arid conditions. In this research a new evaporation estimation method was developed by different solution to the energy balance equation. The proposed approach carried out by defining the reference surface and simultaneously solution to the energy balance equation for both of the water and reference surfaces. The temperature and radiation data were used in the proposed method that was called reference and water surface energy balance (RWEB). According to the input data, the RWEB method has the ability for remote sensing application. So the remote sensing algorithm of RWEB was developed.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
13
v.
2
no.
2017
154
169
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_41755_d1e5f4f1263f285d481bbdfa0c981c4c.pdf
Synoptic systems analysis took occurrence of heavy snow in the northern provinces of Iran
A case study is January 31 to February 3, 2014
A.r
kashki
Assistant professor of Climatology, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University.
author
H
Haji mohammadi
Master of Science student of Climatology, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences Fedrdowsi University
author
text
article
2017
per
To study the precipitation of heavy snow in the north, the National Weather Service reports that snow days were used. According to the equivalent of 1.5 to 2 meters of snow in 4 days and more than 3 meters in some areas is revealed. Continuing to analyze the rainfall causing circulation patterns of temperature data, in heights, sea level pressure, and sea surface temperature component orientation and zonal wind 2.5 × 2.5 degree resolution of the website National Center for environmental prediction and atmospheric Sciences America (NCEP / NCAR) obtaining and synoptic maps were prepared. The results showed that in the event of heavy snow, up the East side and surface pressure in the area of East Europe and the establishment of a barrier system at 500 hPa in the region and a very deep trough in the Caspian Sea with the NE-SW West Brewer cause has been positive vorticity area below and instability is caused due to snow fall. The sea surface temperature anomalies in the southern part of the lake, which has reached more than 2 ° Centigrade due to the transfer of moisture to the cold air mass into the area and caused the extreme temperature gradient has been that the formation of the Front in the Caspian area . The situation is such that the curve of the polar vortex in January and February, exactly on the region and situation has escalated.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
13
v.
2
no.
2017
1770
181
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_43177_6451875d2ee70376106e81502386e05b.pdf
Assessment of non-revenue water and selection of the best reduction method by group decision making; Case Study
M
Zarghami
Associate Professor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz, Iran, mzarghami@tabrizu.ac.ir
author
M .R
Sephidi
M.Sc. graduate, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz, Iran
author
A
Nikjoufar
M.Sc. graduate.Faculty of Civil Engineering. University of Tabriz. Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
According to the importance of water loss accounting and non revenue water, providing loss reduction practice is important. However few studies have investigated a real case study from Iran in detail. In this research, a village in Northwestern Iran was selected as a case study. In the first step, the data by comprehensive surveying (1150 connections) and testing some users and village main water meters (based on Iran 556 code) are collected. Then the monthly consumption and apparent losses were calculated based on IWA standard. Then based on the data, the behavior of the water users are evaluated and their effect on the water loss is evaluated. Therefore by using the Borda count method for group decision making problem on eight alternative solutions, the replacement and calibration of the water meters is selected as a best way to reduce the non-revenue water and results communicated for the decision maker in water sector.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
13
v.
2
no.
2017
182
190
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_15747_3751420ca42dd6b8c04319db0a9599b1.pdf
Relationship of land use with phosphor, nitrogen, dissolved solids and suspended solids and its presentation in GIS (case study: Zayandehrood basin)
M
Mirzaei
PHD student in environmental science, Malayer University
author
E
Solgi
corresponding author- Assistant Professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer University
author
A
Salman Mahiny
Associate Professor, College of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan university of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources
author
text
article
2017
per
The most important pollutants that cause water pollution, are the nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural runoff that are known to the non-point source pollution. In this study, L-THIA model is used to calculate the amount of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, nitrate-nitrite, total soluble solids and suspended solids and SPSS software is used for evaluation its relation to the land use in the Zayanderood river basin. For assessment of land use impact on river water quality is selected 5 sub-basins and is identified boundary of each sub-basin and rate of different land use related to each sub-basin using ArcView and HEC-Geo-HMS extension. Then in each sub-basin, 1 station is selected and phosphorus, total nitrogen, total soluble solids and suspended solids is measured from March 2015 to March 2016. Statistical analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient indicates there is a significant relationship between all pollutants and land uses, except dissolves phosphorus. As well as there is a significant relationship between residential area and bare lands with all pollutants, except dissolved solids and nitrate-nitrite. Also there is a significant relationship between dissolves solids with forest land and grassland. Considering accumulation zones of phosphorus and nitrogen in the watershed and identification of areas where have high levels of these materials, management actions can be used to reduce the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus and ultimately reduce the amount of pollution in the watershed.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
13
v.
2
no.
2017
191
198
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_15811_99c7efacb14cceab940bc4553a0d913e.pdf
Derivation of Depth- Area- Duration curves for estimating areal Probable Maximum Precipitation in Fars province
B
Bakhtiari
Assist-Professor of Shahid Bahonar University, Water engineering department, Kerman, Iran
author
Z
Jahandideh
MSc student in Water Resource Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
author
K
Qaderi
Assist-Professor of Shahid Bahonar University, Water engineering department, Kerman, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
Probable Maximum Precipitation is the greatest depth of precipitation for a certain duration and possible. In this study, is considered derivation of Depth-Area-Duration (DAD) curves for estimating 24-h Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP24) by using two statistical Hershfield approaches and estimates the suitable frequency factor (Km) in Fars province. For this purpose the maximum 24-hour precipitation data ((P24)max) with a period of 12-61 years for 52 stations has a long-time data located in Fars province were used. The km values in the first and second approaches are between 15.3 to 18.4 and 1.6 to 6.8 and the corresponding PMP24 are between 280 to 850 and 112 to 380 mm was estimated, respectively. The PMP24 values for first and second approaches of 50 and 100 year return periods 714-771 and 320-350 mm was estimated, respectively. Results showed that the Km values in second approach is 75% lower than the Km for first approach., the ratio of PMP24 to (P24)max, in first and second approaches are between 2.6 to 7.4 and 1.4 to 2.7 were obtained, respectively. Therefore, the second approach is more reliable than the first approach. Also, the isohyet maps for PMP for two approaches over the study area using DEM in GIS 10.3 software were drawn and DAD and area reduction curves for each approach were determined. The use of these curves conversion point PMP24 values to areal in the Fars province is possible.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
13
v.
2
no.
2017
199
206
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_16110_cc2f5def3301265e7e30e5730b77f64f.pdf
Prediction of Monthly Streamflow Using Data-driven Models
A
Ahani
PhD Student, Department of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University
author
M
Shourian
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University
author
text
article
2017
per
In recent years, data-driven modeling techniques have gained several applications in hydrology and water resources studies. River runoff estimation and forecasting is one of the research fields in which these techniques have several applications. In the current study, four data-driven modeling techniques, including multiple linear regression, K-nearest neighbors, artificial neural networks and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems have been used to form runoff forecasting models and then their results have been evaluated. Also, effects of using of some different scenarios to select predictor variables have been studied. It is evident from the results that using flow data related to one or two month ago in the predictor variables dataset can improve accuracy of results. In addition, comparison of general performances of the modeling techniques shows superiority of results of KNN models among the studied models. Among selected models of the different techniques, the selected KNN model presented best performance with a linear correlation coefficient equal to 0.84 between observed flow data and predicted values and a RMSE equal to 2.64.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
13
v.
2
no.
2017
207
214
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_32634_008a9f556da52cb54f30a4ba924807a7.pdf
Optimal Design of Urban Sewer Networks Underlining the Execution Aspects (Case Study: Sewer Network of Urmia City)
A
Shirzad
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia
author
A.R
Abdollahi Pourarki
MSc. in Environmental Engineering, Expert of the Technical Office, West Azarbaijan Water and Wastewater Authority.
author
text
article
2017
per
In this paper, a genetic algorithm method is applied for the optimal design of sewer networks. By studying the list price, records and reports of contractors of sewer network construction, a cost function is derived. This function is based on the variables of pipe diameter and slope. Obtained results show the capability of the presented model in optimal design of sewer networks. Optimization of Urmia sewer network using the proposed model leads to 13% decrease in construction cost. One of the advantages of the proposed model is considering the execution aspects and prevention of drops at pipe joints. In this research, proposing a method for calculation of rainwater, impact of rainwater on design of sewer networks is examined. According to the obtained results for the case study of Urmia city, considerable discharge of rainwater (up to 10 times of sanitary sewer discharge) enters into the sewer network. Therefore, considering the rainwater in design of sewer networks would lead to considerable increases in pipe sizes and network costs.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
13
v.
2
no.
2017
215
220
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_31975_91c9a11570d6609c056ad111a1cb5d86.pdf
chaotic monitoring of river flow using phase space reconstruction method
M.H
Fattahi
Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Islamic Azad University of Marvdasht, Marvdasht, Iran
author
M
Tarahi
Ph.D. student of Hydraulic Structures, Islamic Azad University of Estahban, Estahban, Iran.
author
text
article
2017
per
Recent studies have proven the importance and functionality of phase space reconstruction model based on the delay time approach. The main scope in this research is to develop the phase space in order to analyse and describe the event along with. The flow discharge of Band-bahman station in daily, weekly and monthly scale between 1348 and 1385 have been considered. The embedding dimension has been calculated 3 based on the simplistic method first. Then the phase space have been developed using the time delay approach. Results indicate less chaotic manner for daily data according to cloudy trajectories of the phase space. Monthly and weekly flow time series indicate more chaotic manner. According to phase space analysis there have been 5 very heavy one day raining at Band-bahman station and 12 very heavy one day raining at basin could be distinguished. Besides, 6 intensive heavy raining with one week durability at the station and 11 at the basin are pointed. The river flow discharge have been varied between 0 to 140 cubic meter per second for daily scale, 1.5 to 60 cubic meter per second for weekly scale and 1 to 23 cubic meter per second for monthly scale data series.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
13
v.
2
no.
2017
221
225
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_34197_5b545d56de5e0cc5283cdd0c0863a144.pdf
Construction of Artificial Water Quality Parameters with No Trend in Reservoirs (Chahnimeh No.1 in Sistan)
B
Pirzadeh
assistant Prof., University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
author
M
Afsari
Master graduated, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
author
S.A
Hashemi Monfared
assistant Prof., University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
author
A.A
Ghaderi
استادیار /گروه مهندسی عمران. دانشکده مهندسی شهیدنیکبخت. دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان
author
text
article
2017
per
Identification and monitoring the water resources which has a special position is one of the principal steps in quality management of water resources. In Sistan and Baluchestan province, this principle seems to be more important, because this state located in a hot and dry area and has deficiency in usable water resources. The aim of this study is predicting the quality of without trend parameters in Chahnime No.1 of Sistan using neural network and comparing it with Markov chain method. In the present study some parameters such as DO, temperature, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, Ammonia and Phosphorus have been considered. The mean error percentages of neural network method for these parameters were 5.543, 7.714, 12.825, 5.625, 52.396 and 4.141 respectively, while mean error percentages of Markov chain scheme were 11.169, 8.948, 5.315, 12.934, 33.88, and 8.401, respectively. Obtained results showed that neural network method provided better results in comparing with Markov chain.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
13
v.
2
no.
2017
226
232
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_39229_7f266473a07d96be2707e1bdc962b397.pdf