Water Balance Based Sustainability Analysis of Supply and Demand, Towards Developing a Hybrid Index (Case Study: Aharchay Watershed)
M.
Karamouz
Professor, School of Civil Engineering, University of Tehran
author
P.
Mohamadpour
M.Sc. Student, School of Civil Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
Planning of water systems in order to be ready for future development conditions needs further studies on the estimation sustainable levels of demands. In this study a threefold approach for estimating sustainability level of supply and demand in Ahachay watershed in northeastern part of Iran as a case study is taken. In the first method, the internal flows and the origins and final uses of the total resources for each subsystem are estimated and sustainability use index is calculated by physical input output table. In the second method a simulation model is utilized to estimate reliability, resiliency, vulnerability and maximum deficit for a watershed to determine a sustainability index. In the third method, for evaluating the movement toward sustainability, an index is developed. This index includes indicators that are the difference between supply and demand, percentage of the satisfied demand, productivity of water resources and an indicator for evaluating the reduction of aquifer storage. Finally these methods are compared and a hybrid index combining the indices is developed. This hybrid index can be used for evaluating the planning scenarios and for maintaining and improving the sustainable state of supply/demand for the region.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
12
v.
4
no.
2017
1
11
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_42244_b7d4bd1f5671327340cefeac45f47a84.pdf
Solution to the Water Crisis in the Zayandehrud River Basin; Joint Supply and Demand Management
H.R.
Safavi
Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
author
M.
Rastghalam
Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
In the last decade, instability of flow in Zayandehrud river and growing drawdown of groundwater in Zayandehrud aquifers, causing serious concern for the public, decision makers and water managers at provincial and national levels. Therefore, the reasons and the causes of the crisis and how to create a stable flow on the Zayandehrud river and prevent of the loss of groundwater resources at all levels of decision-making at provincial and national levels, issues that are raised. In this paper, we investigate changes in water resources and demands at the scale of the basin to provide non-structural and structural solutions for the sustainable management of river basin and especially the sustainable flow in the Zayandehrud river. We categorized all implementations for demand management in agricultural, industrial and drinking water demands. Overall, the interbasin water transfer to the Zayandehrud basin is necessary and sufficient condition on the current situation is the demand management.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
12
v.
4
no.
2017
12
22
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_42120_f028bd34f6aa1843ab3e9e9b2c536a53.pdf
Assessment of Iran’s Water Resources Quality (2004-2014)
A.
Moridi
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Water and Environment, Shahid Abbaspour College, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. Email: a_moridi@sbu.ac.ir
author
R.
Kerachian
Professor, School of Civil Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
author
M.
Zokaei
Associated Professor, Department of Mathematics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2017
per
Evaluating the past trends and existing predictions about the quality of water resources in Iran illustrate a gloomy condition in near future. Spatial distributions of population and pollution loads are uneven in Iran, and hence there is much more pressure on quality of water resources in regions with high population and economic activities. Also, climate change and periodic droughts can worsen the current water quality condition. In this paper, considering limited available data, potential pollution loads of surface and groundwater resources in main basins in Iran are estimated for some water quality indicators such as Nitrate, Phosphorus and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). To develop a conceptual model for assessing quality of water resources in Iran, a Driving Force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response framework is utilized. By evaluating different components of this framework, the main driving forces and pressures on water quality state of Iran are determined and the main responses for managing the current situation are discussed.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
12
v.
4
no.
2017
23
35
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_42102_b9af94c8de010b32191cd401dfa43c4c.pdf
Challenges and Opportunities for Wastewater Reuse in Municipal Consumptions: a Case Study in Tehran Metropolis
M.
Rezaee
PhD Student, UNESCO Chair on Water Reuse, University of Tehran, Iran
author
M.H.
Sarrafzadeh
UNESCO Chair on Water Reuse and Associate Professor, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
Although water is one of the most important natural resources in the world, it is facing with several threats. This is because of some of the serious environmental issues such as climate change, population growth and pollutions. One of the most promising solutions to overcome these challenges is alternative water resources such as sea water, wastewater, brackish water and etc. It should be noted that water demand is not the sole parameter for determining the allocation of treated wastewater. Various economic, social, technical and cultural aspects should be considered. This study, conducted to study the possibility of recycling of wastewater in Tehran and the existing challenges and opportunities is reviewed. Tehran’s annual water consumption is estimated around 1300 million cubic meters, whereas 800 million cubic meters of total consumption provided by dam reservoirs around the city and the rest supply through legal and illegal wells in Tehran aquifer. In the country vision for 2030, total treated wastewater in Tehran is estimated to be about 850 million cubic meters per year. Therefore planning for allocation of this amount of water in agriculture, industry, landscape and aquifer recharge is essential. Overcoming the obstacles and the effects of wastewater reuse through applying appropriate technologies, moving toward the decentralized wastewater treatment systems and enhancing social acceptance will be necessary.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
12
v.
4
no.
2017
36
49
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_42243_df7b4c0b35fa766583d3e100a91d140f.pdf
How Much Information on Future Streamflows is Utilizable in Design and Operation of Dam Reservoirs?
E.
Jahani
دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر
author
S.J.
Mousavi
Corresponding author-Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology
author
text
article
2017
per
The problem of storage-yield-reliability analysis of surface water reservoirs is a classical problem in water resources engineering. This study explores the effect of the horizon of foresight on future inflows on the minimum reservoir capacity required for meeting a specified yield. The problem is formulated as mixed integer linear programs (MILP). We analyze the role of perfect foresight assumption on future inflows by formulating the problem as a series of finite-horizon mixed integer linear programs (MILPs), each with a limited, partial foresight on future inflows. The MILPs are then solved sequentially over a long-run planning horizon for determining the minimum reservoir capacity required for meeting a specified reservoir yield at a certain level of reliability. The results indicate although it is generally true that the required reservoir capacity will increase if the foresight on future inflows becomes more limited, an opposite result is also possible to occur depending on the system's characteristics and hydrology. Moreover, knowing about future inflows does not help any more after a certain level of foresight horizon. These findings provide insight into the issue of uncertainty of future inflows and their forecasts in the design and operation of reservoir systems.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
12
v.
4
no.
2017
50
59
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_42109_5f423b3ca08d1337808e5ac0ec41723b.pdf
Hybrid Model for Strategic Management of Agricultural Water Demand in Arid Regions
M.E.
Banihabib
Associate Professor, Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Iran
author
M.H.
Shabestari
Graduated (MSc), Water Resources Engineering, Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Iran
author
M.
Hosseinzadeh
Graduated (MSc), Water Resources Engineering, Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
Water management in arid regions such as Iran's central desert is possible solely by applying strategic management of water demand of agricultural sector as the largest water user. In this study, the hybrid group decision-making model (MTAHP) of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Modified Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (MTOPSIS) methods (MTAHP) was used to rank agricultural water demand management strategies in arid regions. Then, a closer look at best strategy was performed. For this purpose, a non-linear programming model was used to optimize irrigation cropping pattern by applying deficit irrigation. The results indicate that the strategy of "changing the cropping pattern" is the best strategy for water demand management in arid regions and using optimization model of land-water allocation will increase economically high-efficient crops’ areas. Four scenarios of different amount of available water were considered in optimization and then the optimum amount of cultivated area and allocated water for each product was determined. The results showed the cropping area reduction is based on the net profit per unit of water consumption. Also the results showed that by reducing the available water to 40%, the net profit can increase by 19% compared to the current status. In this study, the use of a multi-criteria decision-making model along with an optimization model is proposed to recognize and evaluate the best alternative. The proposed model can be used to enhancing agricultural water demand management in arid zones.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
12
v.
4
no.
2017
60
69
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_42245_82b20ed505c127160928e7184707a503.pdf
Reliability-based Optimal Design and Operation of Cascade Hydraulically-Coupled Hydropower Reservoir Systems
N.
Afsharian Zadeh
Former MSc. Student of Water Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
author
S.J.
Mousavi
Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
Optimal design and operation of a cascade hydropower reservoir system accounting for the reliability level of the system’s firm energy is a complex, difficult-to-solve problem in terms of both the problem formulation and its solution approach. This study deals with the reliability-based optimal design and operation of cascade hydropower reservoirs considering hydraulic coupling between the tail-race of the upstream powerplant and the water elevation at downstream reservoir. The formulation of the resulting optimization model is a nonlinear, nonconvex program (NLP) that becomes a mixed integer NLP (MINLP) to account for the reliability level of energy production and the hydraulic coupling. The resulted MINLP, which is an NP-hard (nonpolynomial deterministic-hard) problem, was solved by both classical and evolutionary optimization algorithms, and their performances were tested in Karoon2-Karoon3 cascade hydropower system as a real case study. Since the number of binary variables is large and the nonlinear part of the MINLP is nonconvex, classical gradient-based algorithms were not able to solve the problem. However, particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, a metaheuristic optimization algorithm, was able to find near optimal good solutions to the problem. This was made possible by the help of generating feasible solutions incrementally, which satisfy the equality constraints of balance equations, and the system operation characteristics during low-flow periods.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
12
v.
4
no.
2017
70
83
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_42100_8919f52352f6c983b1a576fff8d5d668.pdf
Investigation of Well Deepening Effects on Aquifer Yeild Using Numerical Model
M.
Bijani
Graduate, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
author
A.
Moridi
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Water and Environment, Shahid Abbaspour College, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. Email: a_moridi@sbu.ac.ir
author
M.R.
Majdzadeh Tabatabaie
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran..
author
text
article
2017
per
Iran is located in a semi-arid area with in appropriate water distribution. In many parts of the country, particularly arid plane, groundwater is the main source for supplying demand. One of these areas is Aliabad plane located in Saveh catchment in which farmers have been digging deep wells for withdrawal.Increase in withdrawal more than aquifer renewable water potential has caused operation wells efficiency to decrease due groundwater drawdown. Decreasing in gtrounwater table will lead to land settlement and will have environmentak impacts.In order to increase the well efficiency, well deepening has been carried out. This research is dealt with simulation of excessive withdrawal on operation wells efficiency by MODFLOW. By this means conceptual model and well deepening are simulated by GMS model. Results indicate that north eastern and western regions of the aquifer have higher potential than other regions for drying up and maximum well deepening occures at about 80 meters deep. The results also show by depening the agricultural wells some parts of aquifer will dry up and leads to migration.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
12
v.
4
no.
2017
83
92
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_42101_c77ad1e4c5dd4e35ba3779f2a11a4195.pdf
Estimating of Crop Coefficient and Actual Evapotranspiration of Corn Using LANDSAT8 Images (Case Study: Sarab Nilufar Plain in Kermanshah)
H.
Ghamarnia
Professor, Department of Water Resources Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. Email: hghamarnia@razi.ac.ir
author
S.M.
Gholamian
Ph.D Student, Department of Water Resources Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
author
N.
Kamali
Former MSc. Student in Dept of Water Resources Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
Now a days, one of the interest algorithms for many of researchers to estimate evaporation - transpiration and crop coefficients by satellite images is Sebal model. In this study, the ability of the Sebal model for corn actual evapotranspiration and crop coefficient determination in Sarab Nilufar Plain located in Kermanshah Province was evaluated. For this purpose, in this study, satellite Landsat 8 images processing in three days as: 07.22.2014, 08.07.2014 and 08.23.2014 were used respectively. Actual–evapotranspiration was calculated by using of satellite images based on the surface energy balance equation (SEBAL model) and meteorological required data. Moreover, the potential evapotranspiration was computed for corn using Penman-Montieth method and then by using of calculated data from Sebal method, the crop coefficient values were determined for the above mentioned days. Finally, the evapotranspiration values by the SEBAL model (predicted values) for corn were computed as 7.11, 6.9 and 5.16 mm/day and crop coefficients values were obtained as 1.09, 1.33 and 0.87 respectively
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
12
v.
4
no.
2017
93
107
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_42242_41161fe0a4c54098c83a00867cebbe4b.pdf