A Review on EU Municipal and Industrial Wastewater and Effluent Management Action

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 M.Sc. student, Technical Faculty, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.

2 ssociate Professor, Chemical School, Technical Faculty, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Urban and industrial activities lead to high amount of pollution in the produced wastewater. Direct discharges from such sites to the environment is not legal and sufficient treatments are needed. Discharge criteria in some cases are limited to the maximum and minimum allowable amounts. In some other cases certain standards with regards to the best available technologies and local and geographical considerations are applied. Standard as a word means a criterion or an index or any statement that includes regulations or guidelines or characteristics which are scientifically approved for a certain purpose or activity and are also verified by official authorities. The aim of a standard is to reach a defined level of discipline in a society. Standard policies in the EU for the management of municipal and industrial effluents in the form of a comprehensive program in EU is reviewed here. Finally the need for such standards and regulation in Iran is discussed and necessity of defining a comprehensive action for management of effluents in the country is emphasized. 

References

[1] Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (23 October 2000), Official Journal of the European Communities, L 327, 22.12.2000
[2] EU practice in setting wastewater emission limit values, R.C.Frost (2009), Water Governance in the Western EECCA Countries Project Website: http://wgw.org.ua/index.php
[3] Council Directive 91/271/EEC on urban wastewater treatment, Official Journal of the European Communities, L  135, 30.5.1991 ,Available online at: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/water-urbanwaste/legislation/directive_en.htm
[4] Council Directive 96/61/EC of 24 September 1996 concerning integrated pollution prevention and control, Official Journal of the European Communities, L 257, 10.10.96 ; Available online at:http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/pollutants/stationary/ippc/legis.htm
[5] The European IPPC Bureau (EIPPCB):  http://eippcb.jrc.es
[6] United Utilities Group PLC 2012, Haweswater House, Lingley Mere Business Park, Lingley Green Avenue, Great Sankey, Warrington, WA5 3LP,Registered in England and Wales, http://www.unitedutilities.com
 
 
 

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History

  • Receive Date: 28 April 2014
  • Accept Date: 15 April 2015

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