پایش و ارزیابی ویژگی‌های خشکسالی آب زیرزمینی در آبخوان‌های با بیلان منفی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای مهندسی عمران/ آب، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه آزاد واحد علوم تحقیقات تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 استاد/ گروه مهندسی عمران-آب، دانشگاه آزاد علوم تحقیقات تهران، تهران، ایران*.

3 استادیار / گروه مهندسی منابع آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

اگر چه تحقیقاتی در خصوص پایش و تحلیل خشکسالی هواشناسی صورت گرفته، لیکن پژوهش‌های انجام شده در زمینۀ خشکسالی آب زیرزمینی در مناطق با برداشت زیاد محدود است. در این تحقیق، ضمن بررسی اثرات برداشت از آبخوان، خشکسالی آب زیرزمینی در دشت قزوین بر مبنای تراز طبیعی آب زیرزمینی تحلیل می‌گردد. تراز آب زیرزمینی با استفاده از مدل ترکیبیMODFLOW-ANN در طول یک دورۀ 50 ساله و یک دورۀ سه ساله طبیعی‌سازی شد. خشکسالی آب زیرزمینی با استفاده از شاخص خشکسالی آب زیرزمینی SGI پایش شده و با شاخص‌های خشکسالی هواشناسیSPI و هیدرولوژیکی SHDI مقایسه گردید. همچنین، ویژگی خشکسالی‌های به وقوع پیوسته در دورۀ مذکور محاسبه شده و مناطق با خطر بیشتر مشخص شدند. نتایج حاکی از افت شدید تراز آب ناشی از برداشت از آب زیرزمینی است. همچنین دشت قزوین در 47 درصد مواقع در شرایط خشکسالی آب زیرزمینی با تداوم زیاد قرار دارد. تغییر در تراز آب زیرزمینی دارای تاخیر زمانی 9 ماهه با تغییرات بارش و جریان آب سطحی است. همچنین، همبستگی خشکسالی آب زیرزمینی با خشکسالی هیدرولوژیکی بیشتر از همبستگی با خشکسالی هواشناسی است. شهرستان‌ بوئین‌زهرا دارای خطر خشکسالی بیشتر و قزوین و البرز خطر خشکسالی کمتری نسبت به سایر مناطق دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Monitoring and Assessing the Characteristics of Groundwater Drought in Aquifers with Negative Balance

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamid Sanginabadi 1
  • Bahram Saghafian 2
  • Majid Delavar 3
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Civil Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Water Resources Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Although, many studies have been reported on meteorological drought monitoring and analysis, similar studies on groundwater drought in regions with high abstractions are lacking. In this paper, the effects of groundwater extraction of aquifer were investigated and groundwater drought analysis was performed using the naturalized groundwater level time series in Qazvin plain. For this purpose, MODFLOW-ANN coupled model were used to obtain the time series of naturalized groundwater level over a 50 year and a 3 year period. Then, Groundwater drought was monitored by means of the SGI and was compared with the SPI and SHDI indices. Also, drought characteristics were calculated along 50 year period and the regions with more hazard of drought were determined. Results showed that abstraction could cause severe negative trend in the groundwater level. The aquifer was in long duration dry condition at about 47% of the time. Groundwater level changes have a 9 months delay with changing in precipitation and flow rivers. Groundwater drought is more strongly correlated with hydrological drought than with meteorological drought. Also, Boeinzahra city has a higher hazard and Qazvin and Alborz has a lower hazard than other regions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Groundwater Abstraction Effects
  • Drought Hazard
  • Naturalized Level
  • SGI Index
Abkhan Consulting Engineering Company (2013) Studies on budget update of water resources in the Namak lake basins. Technical Report (In Persian)
Barikani A, Ahmadian M, and Khalilian S (2011) Optimal sustainable use of groundwater resources in agriculture: Case study subsector in Qazvin plain. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development 25(2):253-262 (In Persian)
Bayat Varkeshi M, Farahani Dastjani M, and Ghabaei Sough M (2018) Effect of meteorological drought on groundwater resources (Cas study: Komijan aquifer in Markazi provience). Iran-Water Resource Research 14(1):114-124 (In Persian)
Bloomfield  J P and Marchant  BP  (2013)  Analysis of groundwater drought building on the standardised precipitation index approach. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17:4769-4787
Bloomfield  JP, Marchant BP, Bricker SH, and Morgan RB (2015) Regional analysis of groundwater droughts using hydrograph classification. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 19(10):4327-4344
Bloomfield JP, Gaus I, and Wade SD (2003) A method for investigating the climate-change scenarios on annual minimum groundwater levels. Water and Environment Journal 17(2):86-91
Dehghani M, Saghafian B, Farokhnia A, and Noori R (2014) Uncertainty analysis of streamflow drought forecast using artificial neural networks and Moonte- Carlo simulation. International Journal of Climatology 34(4):1169-1180
Guttman NB (1998) Comparing the Palmer drought index and the standardized precipitation index. American Water Resources Association 34(1):113-121
Kumar R, Musuuza JL, Van Loon AF, Teuling AJ, Barthel R, Ten Broek J, Mai J, Samaniego L, and Attinger S  (2015) Multiscale evaluation of the standardized precipitation index as a groundwater drought indicator. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 12:7405-7436
Leelaruban N and Padmanabhan G (2015) Droughts-groundwater relationship in northern great plains shallow aquifers. In: Proc. of  World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015, 17-21 May, Austin, Texas, 510-519
Li B and Rodell M (2014) Evaluation of a model-based groundwater drought indicator in the conterminous U . S . Journal of  Hydrology 526:78-88
Maleki Y (2014) Investigate the utilization trend of Qazvin aquifer in the last half century and forecasting qualitative and quantitative status in future years using the existing mathematical model. M.Sc. Thesis, School of Civil Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran (In Persian)
McKee TB, Doesken NJ, and Kleist J (1993) The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales. In: Proc. of 8th Conference on Applied Climatology, 17-22 January, Anahiem, California, 179-184
Mohammadi M, Moradi M (2010) Groundwater drought zoning in the Mighan desert basin in GIS in order to manage the groundwater resources. In: Proc. of 1th National Conference on Combating Desertification and Sustainable Development of Iran Desert Wetlands, 16 and 17 January, Arak, Iran (In Persian)
Peters E, Bier G, Van Lanen HAJ, and Torfs PJJF (2006) Propagation and spatial distribution of drought in a groundwater catchment. Journal of Hydrology 321(1-4):257-275
Peters E, Van Lanen HAJ, Torfs PJJF, and Bier G (2005) Drought in groundwater- drought distribution and performance indicators. Journal of Hydrology 306 (1-4):302-317
Sanginabadi H, Saghafian B, and Delavar M (2019) Coupled groundwater drought and water scarcity index for intensively over-drafted aquifers. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 24(4):1-15
Shahid S and Hazarika MK (2009) Groundwater drought in the northwestern districts of Bangladesh. Water Resources Management 24(10):1989-2006
Shakiba A, Mirbagheri B, Kheyri A (2010) Drought and its impact on groundwater resources in the East of Kermanshah province using the index SPI. Journal of Geography 8 (25):20-31(In Persian)
Younesi M, Behbahani SM, Mohammadi K, Younesi H (2009) Drought evaluation and its effect on groundwater: Case study of Qazvin plain. In: Proc. of 1th National Conference on Water Resources Management, 16-18 August, Shahrood, Iran (In Persian)
Yuan XC, ZhouYL, Jin JL, and Wei YM (2013) Risk analysis for drought hazard in China: a case study in Huaibei Plain. Natural Hazards 67(2):879-900
Yue S and Wang CY (2004) The Mann-Kendall test modified by effective sample size to detect trend in serially correlated hydrological series. Water Resources Management 18(3):201-218